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Bulletin of the American Physical Society

Measurement of the temperature dependence of the Casimir-Polder force through collective excitations of a Bose-Einstein condensate

John Obrecht, Robert J. Wild, David M. Harber, C. A. Gillespie, Eric Cornell

Published May 17, 2006• 1 citation
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Abstract

. In particular, when the tem-perature of the surface is different from the temperature of free space, the forceis predicted to decay more slowly at large distances and to exhibit a strongerdependence on the temperature. By positioning a Rb-87 Bose-Einstein con-densate a few microns from a dielectric surface and resonantly exciting it intoa mechanical dipole oscillation, the JILA team has recently observed changesin the collective oscillation frequency that result from the spatial variations inthe force

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Publisher's Note: Effect of the Casimir-Polder force on the collective oscillations of a trapped Bose-Einstein condensate [Phys. Rev. A70, 053619 (2004)]

Mauro Antezza, Лев П. Питаевский, S. Stringari

Received 2 December 2004DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.70.069901©2004 American Physical Society

Physical Review A•Dec 13, 2004•3 citations
. In particular, when the tem-perature of the surface is different from the temperature of free space, the forceis predicted to decay more slowly at large distances and to exhibit a strongerdependence on the temperature. By positioning a Rb-87 Bose-Einstein con-densate a few microns from a dielectric surface and resonantly exciting it intoa mechanical dipole oscillation, the JILA team has recently observed changesin the collective oscillation frequency that result from the spatial variations inthe force
We report on the first measurement of a temperature dependence of the Casimir-Polder force. This measurement was obtained by positioning a nearly pure 87Rb Bose-Einstein condensate a few microns from a dielectric substrate and exciting its dipole oscillation. Changes in the collective oscillation frequency of the magnetically trapped atoms result from spatial variations in the surface-atom force. In our experiment, the dielectric substrate is heated up to 605 K, while the surrounding environment is kept near room temperature (310 K). The effect of the Casimir-Polder force is measured to be nearly 3 times larger for a 605 K substrate than for a room-temperature substrate, showing a clear temperature dependence in agreement with theory.
We have performed a measurement of the Casimir-Polder force using a magnetically trapped 87Rb^{87}\mathrm{Rb}87Rb Bose-Einstein condensate. By detecting perturbations of the frequency of center-of-mass oscillations of the condensate perpendicular to the surface, we are able to detect this force at a distance $\ensuremath{\sim}5\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{m}$, significantly farther than has been previously achieved, and at a precision approaching that needed to detect the modification due to thermal radiation. Additionally, this technique provides a limit for the presence of non-Newtonian gravity forces in the $\ensuremath{\sim}1\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{m}$ range.
Abstract Modern laboratory techniques make possible the investigation of the role of the Casimir–Polder force in experiments on Bose–Einstein condensation and quantum reflection. Thus, it has been demonstrated that the collective oscillations of a Bose–Einstein condensate of ultracold atoms provide a sensitive probe of Casimir–Polder forces. Later, the first measurement of the temperature dependence of the Casimir–Polder force was performed in this way. The Casimir–Polder interaction plays an important role in the scattering of atoms on various surfaces. Of special interest are situations where the wave nature of an atom dominates in comparison with its classical behavior as a particle (this is referred to as quantum reflection). This chapter considers both of the latter two types of experiments in connection with the properties of the Casimir–Polder force.
We have measured the effect of dipole-dipole interactions on the frequency of a collective mode of a Bose-Einstein condensate. At relatively large numbers of atoms, the experimental measurements are in good agreement with zero temperature theoretical predictions based on the Thomas-Fermi approach. Experimental results obtained for the dipolar shift of a collective mode show a larger dependency to both the trap geometry and the atom number than the ones obtained when measuring the modification of the condensate aspect ratio due to dipolar forces. These findings are in good agreement with simulations based on a Gaussian ansatz.