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Bulletin of the American Physical Society

Acoustic attenuation in atom traps

S. Gaudio, Krastan B. Blagoev, Kevin S. Bedell, E.A.H. Timmermans

Published Mar 22, 2005• 0 citations
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Atom trap loss, elastic collisions, and technology

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Bulletin of the American Physical Society•Oct 20, 2012•0 citations
Dilute gas Bose-Einstein condensates (BEC's), currently used to cool fermionic atoms in atom traps, can also probe the superfluidity of these fermions. The damping rate of BEC-acoustic excitations (phonon modes), measured in the middle of the trap as a function of the phonon momentum, yields an unambiguous signature of BCS-like superfluidity, provides a measurement of the superfluid gap parameter, and gives an estimate of the size of the Cooper pairs in the BEC-BCS crossover regime. We also predict kinks in the momentum dependence of the damping rate which can reveal detailed information about the fermion quasiparticle dispersion relation.
We study the acoustic attenuation rate in the Fermi-Bose model describing mixtures of bosonic and fermionic atom gases. We demonstrate the dramatic change of the acoustic attenuation rate as the fermionic component is evolved through the BEC to BCS crossover, in the context of a mean-field model applied to a finite-range fermion-fermion interaction at zero temperature, such as discussed previously by Parish et al. [Phys. Rev. B 71, 064513 (2005)] and Mihaila et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 090402 (2005)]. The shape of the acoustic attenuation rate as a function of the boson energy represents a signature for superfluidity in the fermionic component.
Landau predicted that transverse sound propagates in a Fermi liquid with sufficiently strong Fermi liquid interactions, unlike a classical fluid which cannot support shear oscillations. Previous attempts to observe this unique collective mode yielded inconclusive results due to contributions from single particle excitations. Here, we have microfabricated acoustic cavities with a micron-scale path length that is suitable for direct detection of this sound mode. The interference fringes of these acoustic Fabry-Perot cavities can be used to determine both the real and imaginary parts of the acoustic impedance. We report a null-result in this search as no clear interference fringe has been observed in the Fermi liquid, indicating the attenuation of TZS is likely above 2000 cm^-1. We provide theoretical justification for why the sound mode may yet exist but not being directly detectable due to high attenuation.