We present a rigorous study of momentum distribution and
p-wave contacts of one-dimensional spinless Fermi gases with an attractive
p-wave interaction. Using the Bethe ansatz wave function, we calculate analytically the high-momentum tail and show that the leading ($\ensuremath{\sim}1/{p}^{2}$) and sub-leading terms ($\ensuremath{\sim}1/{p}^{4}$) are determined by two contacts
C2 and
C4, which are related to the short-distance behavior of the two-body density matrix and its derivatives. As one increases the one-dimensional scattering length, the contact
C2 increases monotonically from zero while
C4 exhibits a peak at finite scattering length. In addition, we obtain analytic expressions for
p-wave contacts at finite temperature from the thermodynamic Bethe ansatz equations for both weak and strong attractive interactions.
We develop the contact theory for spin-orbit-coupled Fermi gases. By using a perturbation method, we derive analytically the universal two-body behavior at short distance, which does not depend on the short-range details of interatomic potentials. We find that two new scattering parameters need to be introduced because of spin-orbit coupling, besides the traditional s- and p-wave scattering length (volume) and effective ranges. This is a general and unique feature for spin-orbit-coupled systems. Consequently, two new adiabatic energy relations with respect to the new scattering parameters are obtained, in which a new contact is involved because of spin-orbit coupling. In addition, we derive the asymptotic behavior of the large-momentum distribution, and find that the subleading tail is corrected by the new contact. This work paves the way for exploring the profound properties of spin-orbit-coupled many-body systems, according to two-body solutions.