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AIP conference proceedings

Coherent Control of Non-Markovian Interaction of Exciton-Folded Acoustic Phonon in GaAs Multiple Quantum Wells

Yoshihiro Ogawa, F. Minami

Published Jan 1, 2007• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We show the coherent control of the non‐Markovian oscillation of exciton‐folded acoustic phonon scattering in GaAs multiple‐quantum wells by using four‐wave mixing measurements. The extent of non‐Markovian scattering is suppressed when the delay time between the phase‐locked pulses corresponds to half the period of the non‐Markovian oscillation.

DOI
10.1063/1.2729961

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We show the coherent control of the non‐Markovian oscillation of exciton‐folded acoustic phonon scattering in GaAs multiple‐quantum wells by using four‐wave mixing measurements. The extent of non‐Markovian scattering is suppressed when the delay time between the phase‐locked pulses corresponds to half the period of the non‐Markovian oscillation.
We show the coherent control of the non-Markovian oscillation of exciton-folded acoustic phonon scattering in GaAs multiple quantum wells by using four-wave mixing measurements. The extent of non-Markovian scattering depends on the delay time ${t}_{{1}^{\ensuremath{'}}1}$ between the phase-locked pulses. The phenomenological dephasing time in the long-time (Markovian) region does not depend on the scattering. The dephasing process is suppressed when ${t}_{{1}^{\ensuremath{'}}1}$ corresponds to half the period of the non-Markovian oscillation. The dephasing suppression is the result of a fifth-order nonlinear optical effect (a six-wave mixing process).
We report the non-Markovian nature of heavy hole-heavy hole and heavy hole-light hole exciton scattering in a GaAs single quantum well. The homogeneous width depends on the exciton population, which is controlled by the delay time of phase-locked pulses. This effect is explained on the basis of excitation-induced dephasing in Markovian approximation. For short times, the homogeneous width decreases and deviates from the Markovian behavior, due to the non-Markovian behavior of the exciton-exciton scattering. We analyze the homogeneous width by using a weakly interacting boson model including the non-Markovian effect. The correlation time of the exciton-exciton scattering is estimated as 0.43 ps.
Summary form only given. The coherence decay of optically excited electronic systems provides one of the most powerful tools to investigate interaction processes of excited states. In semiconductors, the optical coherence phenomena are usually investigated by nonlinear techniques such as four wave mixing (FWM), photon echo, or reflectivity experiments. Exciton-phonon, exciton-exciton, or exciton-free carriers scattering processes have been explored in recent years with these techniques. As demonstrated recently, a direct measurement of the optical dephasing time can be obtained through the temporal coherent control of electronic excitations. In these experiments, the emission following the excitation by an ultrashort optical pulse sequence, is detected in a non-specular direction (secondary emission). This provides an alternative approach to FWM techniques, which allows us to analyse the scattering processes either with phonons or due to mutual collisions. Using the coherent control technique monitored through the secondary emission (SE), we report on the coherent dynamics of excitons in bare quantum wells (QW) and compare it to that of exciton-polaritons in microcavity (MC) embedded quantum wells.
Abstract The polarization and population dynamics of resonantly generated excitons in GaAs/AlGaAs quantum well structures are investigated using transient three‐pulse four‐wave mixing. The decay dynamics show strongly nonexponential behavior for both variation of the delay between the first two pulses reflecting the polarization dynamics and variation of the delay between the second two pulses, which reflects the population dynamics. A comparison with a theoretical model shows that the dynamics of both polarization and population are mainly determined by frequency fluctuations and not by scattering processes or by recombination. The characteristic time of the fluctuations TC has to be energy‐dependent to fully describe the results.
Three-pulse four-wave mixing is used to observe the loss of system memory for excitons confined in quantum wells. By measuring the photon echo peak shift with pulse delay, we obtain the two-time exciton frequency fluctuation correlation function. Spectral diffusion of localized excitons gives rise to exponential decay of the correlation function, while static inhomogeneity gives an offset. Nonmonotonic behavior during the first few picoseconds indicates complex memory effects due to the interaction of excitons with acoustic phonons.
We investigate the temporal evolution of the instantaneous frequency of ultrashort-pulse four-wave mixing in GaAs/Gax{\mathrm{Ga}}_{\mathit{x}}Gax​${\mathrm{Al}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{x}}$As quantum-well structures. We find that the coherent light emitted by excitons exhibits a complex phase behavior which depends critically on the density of excitons and the central frequency of the exciting pulses. Depending on the excitation conditions, we observe nonlinear shifts of the instantaneous frequency within one ultrashort pulsed emission or quantum beats. In the latter case we determine that the beat \ensuremath{\pi}-phase shift is very fast, only 40% above the fundamental quantum limit. We also present elaborate numerical simulations of the experiments based on a six-band generalization of the semiconductor Bloch equations. This formalism takes into account Coulomb many-body interactions and Pauli exclusion. It reproduces the salient features of the experimental data. It fails to account for important details revealed by the very sensitive phase measurements. The discrepancies can be traced back to two approximations in the theory: the statical treatment of screening, and the Lorentzian description of dephasing. In both cases, this indicates the need for theoretical refinements requiring a microscopic description of Coulomb scattering and dephasing processes in a non-Markovian theory.