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理论物理通讯:英文版

Density Matrix and Squeezed Vacuum State for General Coupling Harmonic Oscillator

SONGTong-Qiang, Tong-Qiang

Published Jan 1, 2003• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

By taking a unitary transformation approach, we study two harmonic oscillators with both kinetic coupling and coordluate coupling terms, and derive the density matrix of the system. The results show that the ground state of the system is a rotated two single-mode squeezed state.

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Density Matrix and Squeezed Vacuum State for General Coupling Harmonic Oscillator

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Physical Review A•Dec 1, 1994•8 citations
We derive the density matrix ρ(x1, x2; x1', x2', β) for two coupled harmonic oscillators by taking a unitary transformation approach. The corresponding unitary operator U is characteristic of including frequency-jump squeezing transformation. By virtue of the technique of integration within ordered product and the coordinate representation of U we manifestly show that the ground state of the coupled oscillators is a squeezed state. Based on the derived ρ(x1, x2; x1', x2', β) we calculate the average coupling energy.
By virtue of the technique of integration within an ordered product of operators, we derive the normal ordering expansion of a one- and two-mode combination squeezing operator for two harmonic oscillators with coordinate-momentum coupling. It turns out that this squeezing operator just diagonalizes the Hamiltonian H = p 1 2 /2 m 1 + m 1 ω 1 2 x 1 2 /2+ p 2 2 /2 m 2 + m 2 ω 2 2 x 2 2 /2−λ x 2 p 1 , so its ground state is a one- and two-mode combination squeezed state. Quantum fluctuation in the ground state is calculated.
The quantum oscillator model plays a significant role in quantum optics and quantum information and has been one of the hot topics in related research fields. Inspired by the single-mode linear harmonic oscillator and the two-mode entangled state representation, we construct a two-mode coupled harmonic oscillator in this work. Different from the quantum transformation method used in previous literature, the entangled state representation is directly used in this work to solve its energy eigenvalues and eigenfunctions easily. The energy eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of this two-mode coupled harmonic oscillator are continuous compared with those of the one-mode harmonic oscillator. Using the matrix theory of quantum operators, we derive the transformation and inverse transformation of the time evolution operator corresponding to the two-mode coupled harmonic oscillator. In addition, using the entangled state representation, the specific form of the time evolution of the two-mode vacuum state under the action of the oscillator is obtained. Through the analysis of quantum fidelity, it is found that the fidelity of the output quantum state decreases with the oscillator frequency increasing, and the fidelity eventually tends to zero with the increase of time. When analyzing the orthogonal squeezing properties of the output quantum state, this type of two-mode oscillator does not have the orthogonal squeezing effect, but it has a strong quantum dissipation effect instead. This conclusion is further verified by the quasi-probability distribution Q function of the quantum state phase space. Therefore, the two-mode coupled harmonic oscillator has a major reference value in quantum control such as quantum decoherence and quantum information transmission. Like the two-mode squeezed vacuum state, the photon distribution of the output quantum light field corresponding to the two-mode harmonic oscillator presents a super-Poisson distribution, and the photons exhibit a strong anti-bunching effect. Using the three-dimensional discrete plot of the photon number distribution, the super-Poisson distribution and quantum dissipation effect of the output quantum state are intuitively demonstrated. Finally, the SV, which is an entanglement criterion, is used to determine that the output quantum state has a high degree of entanglement. Further numerical analysis shows that the degree of entanglement increases with the action time and the oscillator frequency. In summary, the two-mode coupled harmonic oscillator constructed in this work can be used to prepare highly entangled quantum states through a complete quantum dissipation process. This provides theoretical support for experimental preparing quantum entangled states based on dissipative mechanisms.
A quantum system described by a two-dimensional harmonic oscillator with a varying mass parameter plus the projection of the angular momentum in the z direction with a time-dependent mode coupling constant is considered to study the two-mode squeezing and photon generation phenomena. For some specific time dependences of the oscillator mass and an arbitrary function of time for the coupling constant exact results on the time evolution of the density matrix and the Wigner function are presented. An analytical expression of the photon distribution is obtained explicitly in terms of Hermite polynomials of two variables, and it shows the effect of oscillations characteristic of squeezing and correlation of the photon quadratures.