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Chinese Journal of Lasers

Two-Photon Polarization Spectroscopy of Rubidium4D5/2State and Its Application for Frequency Stabilization of 1.5 μm Laser

刘慧丰 Liu Huifeng, 王杰 Wang Jie, 杨光 Yang Guang, 杨保东 Yang Baodong, 何军 He Jun, Junmin Wang

Published Jan 1, 2014• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

介绍了基于87 Rb原子5S1/2-5P3/2-4D5/2阶梯型能级系统中的双光子偏振光谱。与其他跃迁相比,循环跃迁的信噪比最好。研究了双光子偏振光谱循环跃迁线信号强度随抽运光光强的变化情况。利用双光子偏振光谱,将1529nm半导体激光器的频率锁定于^87 Rb原子的5P3/2（F′=3）-4D5/2（F″=4）跃迁线上,当取样时间τ=100s时阿仑方差最小,为σy（τ）=1.3×10^-11。与自由运转相比,该方法显著地改善了1529nm激光器长期频率稳定度。

DOI
10.3788/cjl201441.0715004

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介绍了基于87 Rb原子5S1/2-5P3/2-4D5/2阶梯型能级系统中的双光子偏振光谱。与其他跃迁相比,循环跃迁的信噪比最好。研究了双光子偏振光谱循环跃迁线信号强度随抽运光光强的变化情况。利用双光子偏振光谱,将1529nm半导体激光器的频率锁定于^87 Rb原子的5P3/2（F′=3）-4D5/2（F″=4）跃迁线上,当取样时间τ=100s时阿仑方差最小,为σy（τ）=1.3×10^-11。与自由运转相比,该方法显著地改善了1529nm激光器长期频率稳定度。
An ongoing spectroscopic investigation of atomic rubidium utilizes a two-photon, single-laser excitation process. Transitions accessible with our tunable laser include 5P1/2 (F ′ ) ← 5S1/2 (F) and 5P3/2 (F ′ ) ← 5S1/2 (F). The laser is split into a pump and probe beam to allow for Doppler-free measurements of transitions between hyperfine levels. The pump and probe beams are overlapped in a counter-propagating geometry and the laser frequency scans over a transition. Absorption, fluorescence and polarization spectroscopy techniques are applied to this basic experimental setup. The temperature of the vapor cell and the power of the pump and probe beams have been varied to explore line broadening effects and signal-to-noise of each technique. This humble setup will hopefully grow into a more robust experimental arrangement in which double resonance, two-laser excitations are used to explore hyperfine state changing collisions between rubidium atoms and noble gas atoms. Rb-noble gas collisions can transfer population between hyperfine levels, such as 5P3/2 (F ′ = 3) Collision ←− 5P3/2 (F ′ = 2), and the probe beam couples 7S1/2 (F ′′ = 2) ← 5P3/2 (F ′ = 3). Polarization spectroscopy signal depends on the rate of population transfer due to the collision as well as maintaining the orientation created by the pump laser. Fluorescence spectroscopy relies only on transfer of population due to the collision. Comparison of these techniques yields information regarding the change of the magnetic sublevels, mF , during hyperfine state changing collisions.
우리는 이중공명 광펌핑(double resonance optical pumping; DROP)효과를 이용하여 루비듐( 87^{87}87 Rb) 원자의 5P 3_{3}3​ 2/-4D 3_{3}3​ 2/와 5P 3_{3}3​ 2/-4D 5_{5}5​ 2/ 전이선에서 DROP 스펙트럼을 관측하고, 1.5 μm\mu\textrm{m}μm 레이저의 주파수를 무변조 안정화하였다. 관측한 DROP 스펙트럼은 기존의 광-광이중공명(optical-optical double resonance; OODR) 스펙트럼보다 높은 신호대잡음비를 가지며, 약 10 MHz의 좁은 선폭을 갖고 있다. DROP 스펙트럼의 상대적인 세기는 자발방출에 의한 광펌핑 정도로 설명할 수 있었다. DROP스펙트럼에 안정화된 1.5 μm\mu\textrm{m}μm 레이저의 주파수 흔들림은 샘플링 시간 0.1초에서 0.2 MHz로 측정되었고, 상대주파수 흔들림은 평균시간 100초에서 약 1 ×{\times}× 10−1110^{-11}10−11 이었다. We present the double resonance optical pumping(DROP) spectra in the transition 5P 3_{3}3​ 2/-4D 3_{3}3​ 2/ and 5P 3_{3}3​ 2/-4D 5_{5}5​ 2/ of ( 87^{87}87 Rb) and the frequency stabilization in the 1.5mutextrmm1.5mutextrm{m}1.5mutextrmm region using those spectra. Those spectra have high signal-to-noise ratio and narrow spectral linewidth, which is about 10 MHz. We could account fur the relative intensities of the hyperfine states of those spectra by the spontaneous emission into the other state. When the frequency of the 1.5mutextrmm1.5mutextrm{m}1.5mutextrmm laser diode was stabilized to the DROP spectrum, the frequency fluctuation was about 0.2 MHz fDr sampling time of 0.1 s and the Allan deviation(or the square root of the Allan variance) was about 1 ×{\times}× 10 −11^{-11}−11 for averaging time of l00s.
Spectroscopy of the rubidium 5P3/2 yields 4D5/2 transition near 1.529 micrometers has been performed using a single-longitudinal-mode erbium-doped fiber laser. Rubidium atoms were laser-cooled and confined in a vapor-cell Zeeman optical trap. This produced a dense sample of cold atoms and reduce the Doppler broadening of the transition to less than the natural linewidth. Transition linewidths of 10 MHz were observed on the 5P3/2 yields 4D5/2 transition and the fiber laser was actively stabilized to the 5P3/2, F equals 3 yields 4D5/2, F' equals 3 line of 87Rb.
We present double resonance optical pumping (DROP) spectra for the 5P3∕2–4D3∕2 transition and the 5P3∕2–4D5∕2 transition of R87b and we use these spectra for frequency stabilization in the 1.5μm region. The spectra, compared to the conventional double resonance spectrum, show a good signal-to-noise ratio and a narrow spectral linewidth for laser frequency stabilization. The different intensities of the hyperfine states were attributed to the different rates of double resonance optical pumping into the other ground state. When we stabilized the frequency of a 1.5μm laser diode to the DROP spectrum, the best frequency stability was 1×10−11 after 100s.