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Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences - Section A

Interaction of atomic energy levels—V

T. S. Subbaraya, Syed Yusuff, S. Srinivasa Murthy

Published Apr 1, 1942• 0 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1007/bf03046017

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Light emission occurs as a result of interaction between light and matter. Let us assume a two-level atom with levels 1 (ground state) and 2 (excited state). The energies of the ground and excited states are E 1 and E 2 , respectively, and the energy difference is therefore given by the difference ΔE 12 =E 2 −E 1 . When light with photons of energy equal to this difference is absorbed by the atomic or molecular system, an electron will be excited from level 1 to level 2. The energy of the photons is given by ΔE 12 =E 12 =hν 12 (h is Planck's constant and 1→2 is the frequency of light resulting from the level 1→2 transition). This energy is absorbed by an atom or a molecule that has energy levels, separated by ΔE, where these energy levels are the ground and the excited states. This kind of “quantum jump” of an electron between two states occurs in atomic systems between electronic levels; it can be extended to molecular systems, where vibrational and translational energy levels participate in the quantum jump. The interaction between light and matter involves the transition of electrons between different states. This interaction results in the absorption of photons (stimulated absorption) as well as spontaneous and stimulated emission. These processes can be described using Einstein's A and B coefficients, as will be described in the next paragraphs.

SPIE eBooks•Oct 22, 2009•0 citations
We investigate the energy levels of a spin–orbit-coupled Bose–Einstein condensate in a double-well potential under the mean-field approximation. We find that the energy levels of the system can be significantly influenced by the atomic interactions. Without atomic interaction, four energy levels change linearly with the tunneling amplitude, the Raman coupling, and the spin–orbit coupling. However, whenever atomic interaction is considered, three more energy levels will appear, which have a nonlinear dependence on those parameters above. These three energy levels are multi-degenerate and related to the macro-symmetry of the system.
We investigate the effect of strong interaction in the dressed energy levels of the two level emitters. Strong dipole-dipole interactions give rise to new sidebands in the fluorescence spectrum due to specific couplings among the collective dressed levels which in turn depends on the spatial configuration of atoms. These couplings are the main responsible for the frequencies and variety of sidebands. We explain the general method for finding the dressed energy levels for a system of any number of strongly coupled atoms and we solve this problem for two different spatial configurations of three coupled two-level emitters. We show that the coupling among dressed levels and consequently energies and number of sidebands in the fluorescence spectrum are different for each configuration. Thus the fluorescence spectrum of strongly interacting atoms contains information about the number and configuration of atoms.
Light emission occurs as a result of interaction between light and matter. Let us assume a two-level atom with levels 1 (ground state) and 2 (excited state). The energies of the ground and excited states are E 1 and E 2 , respectively, and the energy difference is therefore given by the difference ΔE 12 =E 2 −E 1 . When light with photons of energy equal to this difference is absorbed by the atomic or molecular system, an electron will be excited from level 1 to level 2. The energy of the photons is given by ΔE 12 =E 12 =hν 12 (h is Planck's constant and 1→2 is the frequency of light resulting from the level 1→2 transition). This energy is absorbed by an atom or a molecule that has energy levels, separated by ΔE, where these energy levels are the ground and the excited states. This kind of “quantum jump” of an electron between two states occurs in atomic systems between electronic levels; it can be extended to molecular systems, where vibrational and translational energy levels participate in the quantum jump. The interaction between light and matter involves the transition of electrons between different states. This interaction results in the absorption of photons (stimulated absorption) as well as spontaneous and stimulated emission. These processes can be described using Einstein's A and B coefficients, as will be described in the next paragraphs.