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Journal of Modern Optics

Output Properties of Non-degenerate Parametric Amplifiers with Non-homogeneous Linear Losses

P. García-Fernandez, S. Balle, Francisco Javier Bermejo

Published Dec 1, 1991• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The noise properties of non-degenerate parametric amplifiers with absorption losses which are different for the two beams are analysed by means of a semiclassical approach which enables the direct derivation of the Langevin equations for the optical fields from the quantum Heisenberg equations. Several statistical quantities are calculated and the implications of the present results for sub shot-noise absorption measurements are discussed finally.

DOI
10.1080/09500349114552511

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The noise properties of non-degenerate parametric amplifiers with absorption losses which are different for the two beams are analysed by means of a semiclassical approach which enables the direct derivation of the Langevin equations for the optical fields from the quantum Heisenberg equations. Several statistical quantities are calculated and the implications of the present results for sub shot-noise absorption measurements are discussed finally.
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We analyze the noise characteristics of an optical transmission system repeated by two-mode phase-sensitive optical parametric amplifiers. In such a system, the non-degenerated signal and idler waves co-propagate through the link, interacting with each other in the optical parametric amplifiers. For the first time, we derive a closed-form expression for the accumulated noise using the quantum-mechanical Langevin-equation approach. The derived noise formula allows calculating the noise figure of the optical-amplifier chain under the influence of the internal loss of the amplifiers and the transmission loss of the link, thereby theoretically demonstrating its low-noise characteristics.
We analyze the noise characteristics of an optical transmission system repeated by two-mode phase-sensitive optical parametric amplifiers. In such a system, the non-degenerated signal and idler waves co-propagate through the link, interacting with each other in the optical parametric amplifiers. For the first time, we derive a closed-form expression for the accumulated noise using the quantum-mechanical Langevin-equation approach. The derived noise formula allows calculating the noise figure of the optical-amplifier chain under the influence of the internal loss of the amplifiers and the transmission loss of the link, thereby theoretically demonstrating its low-noise characteristics.
The squeezing properties of a model of a degenerate parametric amplifier with absorption losses and an added fourth-order nonlinearity have been analyzed. The approach used consists of obtaining the Langevin equation for the optical field from the Heisenberg equation provided that a linearization procedure is valid. The steady states of the deterministic equations have been obtained and their local stability has been analyzed. The stationary covariance matrix has been calculated below and above threshold. Below threshold, a squeezed vacuum state is obtained and the nonlinear effects in the fluctuations have been taken into account by a Gaussian decoupling. In the case above threshold, a phase-squeezed coherent state is obtained and numerical simulations allowed to compute the time interval, depending on the loss parameter, on which the system jumps from one stable state to the other. Finally, the variances numerically determined have been compared with those obtained from the linearized theory and the limits of validity of the linear theory have been analyzed. It has become clear that the nonlinear contribution may perhaps be profitably used for the construction of above-threshold squeezing devices.
The paper presents a comparison between a semiclassical and a quantum description of the output noise spectra of semiconductor optical amplifiers. The noise sources are represented by Langevin noise functions or operators and by the vacuum field operator, and the analysis takes into account the effects of increasing gain saturation along the amplifier waveguide. It is shown that the difference between the semiclassical and quantum descriptions sums up to a shot noise term and to a correction to the semiclassical autocorrelation relation for the carrier noise. A discussion is given of the shapes of the noise spectra, the relative importance of various noise contributions, and their dependence on input power.
In this paper the output quadrature phase correlations of a frequency nondegenerate parametric amplifier characterized by asymmetric losses, analysed in a preceding paper are applied to the discussion of the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) paradox. We use the formalism developed by Caves et al to describe the combined field modes and adopt the dual local oscillator homodyning scheme to construct an inferred Heisenberg uncertainty principle. The noise level required to demonstrate the existence of the EPR paradox is calculated and the sensitivity of the EPR inference on the asymmetry of the cavity mirror partial transmittivities and on the detuning in frequency between the two detected output fields is analysed. Such an analysis therefore provides a generalization of previous results reported by Reid and Drummond.