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Chinese Physics Letters

Evaluation of Slow Light Periodic Signals Considering the Distortion in EDF

Fu Wang, Chongqing Wu, Zhi Wang, Guodong Liu, Lanlan Liu, Zhenchao Sun

Published Mar 1, 2014• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Based on the fundamental harmonic phase delay, a new definition of fundamental harmonic fractional delay (FHFD) is proposed to evaluate slow light with the consideration of signal distortion, to eliminate the dependence on the choice of the reference point. By solving the rate equation of erbium-doped fiber (EDF), it is shown that the slow light always accompanies the signal distortion when the periodic signal propagates in EDF, and FHFD depends on the signal distortion, as well as the average input power, the modulation depth and the length of EDF. The results of simulations and experiments indicate that the definition of FHFD is reasonable and effective to evaluate the slow light of periodic signals.

DOI
10.1088/0256-307x/31/3/034207

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Based on the fundamental harmonic phase delay, a new definition of fundamental harmonic fractional delay (FHFD) is proposed to evaluate slow light with the consideration of signal distortion, to eliminate the dependence on the choice of the reference point. By solving the rate equation of erbium-doped fiber (EDF), it is shown that the slow light always accompanies the signal distortion when the periodic signal propagates in EDF, and FHFD depends on the signal distortion, as well as the average input power, the modulation depth and the length of EDF. The results of simulations and experiments indicate that the definition of FHFD is reasonable and effective to evaluate the slow light of periodic signals.
The slow light is always at the cost of the signal distortion when the periodic rectangular signal propagates in Erbium-doped fiber (EDF), which is confirmed by the implemented simulations and measurements. A new definition of Fundamental Harmonic Fractional Delay (FHFD) is proposed based on the fundamental harmonic phase delay with the consideration of signal distortion to evaluate the slow light effect. The influences of signal power, modulation depth and duty ratio on slow light effect are studied, and the relationship between Fundamental Harmonic Fractional Delay (FHFD) and Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) is given.
The slow light technology of the rectangle signal propagating in erbium-doped fiber (EDF) has potential applications in the fields of all optical communication and optical fiber sensing. The method of using harmonics fractional delay to evaluate the slow/fast light of rectangle signal propagating in the EDF is proposed, and the characteristics of phase delay for fundamental and high order harmonics components are analyzed for the first time based on the rate equations and the theory of the coherent population oscillations (CPO). We experimentally demonstrate the dependences of fundamental fractional delay on input power and optical gain. The maximum fractional delay 20% is obtained when the input power is about 8 mW without pump. The negative fractional delay-20% is also achieved and it will increase with the rising of the optical gain. The Nth-order fractional delays (N=1, 3, 5, 7) of rectangle signal propagating in EDF without pump are investigated. Their maximum fractional delays are all about 0.07 and the corresponding fundamental modulation frequencies are 22, 7, 5 and 3 Hz, respectively. What is more, the Nth-order fractional delays (N=1, 3, 5, 7) with pump are also investigated. Their maximum fractional delays are all about-0.135 and the corresponding fundamental modulation frequencies are 175, 58, 35 and 25 Hz, respectively. The experiments indicate that the maximum Nth-order fractional delays are equal and they will be achieved at the frequency f/N (the fundamental harmonic fractional delay is maximum at the modulation frequency f). The results show good agreement with CPO and the frequency is also located in the spectral burning hole.
Based on the general mechanism of the coherent population oscillations, we propose the fundamental -harmonic fractional delay (FHFD) to evaluate the superluminal and slow light propagation in semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA). The sinusoidal and square-wave signals in SOA are investigated with the propagation equations. It is shown that the superluminal and slow light always accompany the signal distortion, and FHFD depends on the signal distortion as well as the incident power, the modulation frequency, and the optical gain.
We observe both extremely slow and superluminal pulse propagation speeds at room temperature in an erbium-doped fiber (EDF). A signal at 1550 nm is sent through an erbium-doped fiber with varying powers of a 980 nm pump. The degree of signal delay or advancement is found to depend significantly on the pump intensity. We observe a maximum fractional advancement of 0.124 and a maximum fractional delay of 0.089. The effect is demonstrated both for a sinusoidally modulated signal and for Gaussian pulses. The ability to control the sign and magnitude of the pulse velocity could have important implications for applications in photonics.
This work experimentally demonstrates improvement of the fast light property in erbium-doped amplifiers at room temperature. The difference between the signal power and the pump power associated with bending loss is used to control the signal power at the different positions of the erbium-doped fiber (EDF) to improve the fast light property. Periodic bending of the EDF increases the time advance of the probe signal by over 288%. Additionally, this concept also could improve the fast light property using coherent population oscillations in semiconductor optical amplifiers.