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AIP conference proceedings

Does Probability Interference Exist In Social Science?

Andrei Yu. Khrennikov, Emmanuel E. Haven

Published Jan 1, 2007• 14 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In this paper we discuss the rationale why sub(super)‐additive probabilities in a psychological setting could be explained via the use of quantum probability interference. We propose to measure the complementarity of two variables: i) time of processing (by experiment participants) of (non‐moving) images and ii) the ability (by experiment participants) of recognizing deformations of (non‐moving) pictures. We argue in the paper why we can not find this complementarity using the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle. The paper provides for the details on the experimental set up to test the complementarity.

DOI
10.1063/1.2713471

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In this paper we discuss the rationale why sub(super)‐additive probabilities in a psychological setting could be explained via the use of quantum probability interference. We propose to measure the complementarity of two variables: i) time of processing (by experiment participants) of (non‐moving) images and ii) the ability (by experiment participants) of recognizing deformations of (non‐moving) pictures. We argue in the paper why we can not find this complementarity using the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle. The paper provides for the details on the experimental set up to test the complementarity.
We describe methodology of cognitive experiments (based on interference of probabilities for mental observables) which could verify quantum-like structure of mental information, namely, interference of probabilities for incompatible observables. In principle, such experiments can be performed in psychology, cognitive, and social sciences. In fact, the general contextual probability theory predicts not only quantum-like trigonometric (cos θ) interference of probabilities, but also hyperbolic (cosh θ) interference of probabilities (as well as hyper-trigonometric). In principle, statistical data obtained in experiments with cognitive systems can produce hyperbolic (cosh θ) interference of probabilities. We introduce a wave function of (e.g., human) population. In general, we should not reject the possibility that cognitive functioning is neither quantum nor classical. We discuss the structure of state spaces for cognitive systems.
Abstract It is argued that two distinct types of complementarity are implied in Bohr's complementarity principle. While in the case of complementary variables it is the quantum mechanical uncertainty relation which is at work, the collapse hypothesis ensures this exclusiveness in the so-called wave-particle complementarity experiments. In particular it is shown that the conventional analysis of the double slit experiment which invokes the uncertainty principle to explain the absence of the simultaneous knowledge of the which-slit information and the interference pattern is incorrect and implies consequences that are quantum mechanically inconsistent.
Quantum computing introduces a transformative approach to social science research by integrating quantum probability models into social interaction experiments. This study examines the effects of quantum superposition, measurement-induced state collapse, and interference on decision-making processes. Compared to classical probability models, quantum approaches offer a more accurate representation of cognitive uncertainty, preference reversals, and contextual dependencies. The research highlights the advantages of quantum measurement in survey design, behavioral analysis, and policy simulations. However, challenges remain, including the limitations of current quantum hardware, the interdisciplinary gap between quantum mechanics and social sciences, and ethical concerns regarding data security and experimental manipulation. Future research should focus on refining quantum experimental methodologies, enhancing computational capabilities, and developing ethical guidelines for quantum-driven social science applications. By addressing these challenges, quantum computing can provide new theoretical insights and practical advancements in understanding human behavior and collective decision-making.
The subjective and the objective aspects of probabilities are incorporated in a simple duality axiom inspired by observer participation in quantum theory. Transcending the classical notion of probabilities, it is proposed and demonstrated that all probabilities may be fundamentally quantum mechanical in the sense that they may all be derived from the corresponding amplitudes. The classical coin-toss and the quantum double slit interference experiments are discussed as illustrative prototype examples. Absence of multi-order quantum interference effects in multiple-slit experiments and the Experimental tests of complementarity in Wheeler's delayed-choice type experiments are explained using the involvement of the observer.