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AIP conference proceedings

Interferometry and electric manipulation of ultracold atoms in a nondegenerate state

Fujio Shimizu

Published Jan 1, 1993• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Methods to manipulate laser‐cooled neutral atomic beams by means of electric field are discussed. One‐dimensional focusing, two‐dimensional trapping and electric phase shift of an interferometric pattern by electric field are experimentally demonstrated.
DOI
10.1063/1.43796

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In the field of atom optics, there has been much interests in developing components such as lenses, mirrors, beam splitters and waveguides to manipulate neutral atoms. Especially many clever methods to focus neutral atoms have been developed. The lenses have been constructed using the static electrical and magnetic fields, Fresnel zone plates, and radiation pressure forces. Before the laser cooling and trapping techniques were invented, the electrostatic fields could not be used for manipulating neutral atoms because of its weak interaction energy with atoms. After the cold atoms were available, it has been possible to manipulate atoms with weak electrostatic interaction energy. We developed an atom lens system using electrostatic fields.
Electric-field-controlled holography for atoms is demonstrated. Platinum electrodes are deposited among the array of parallel slits that are made on a silicon nitride film. A cold neon atomic beam in the 1s3[2p5(2Po1/2)3s : J = 0] metastable state is sent through the film and form a Fraunhofer diffraction pattern on a microchannel plate detector that is placed in the downstream of the film. By controlling the potential of each electrode an arbitrary one-dimensional diffraction pattern of atoms has been generated.PACS No. 78.90
Engineered ultracold atomic systems are a valuable platform for fundamental quantum mechanics studies and the development of quantum technologies. At near zero absolute temperature, atoms exhibit macroscopic phase coherence and collective quantum behavior, enabling their use in precision metrology, quantum simulation, and even information processing. This review provides an introductory overview of the key techniques used to trap, manipulate, and detect ultracold atoms, while highlighting the main applications of each method. We outline the principles of laser cooling, magnetic and optical trapping, and the most widely used techniques, including optical lattices and tweezers. Next, we discuss the manipulation methods of atomic internal and external degrees of freedom, and we present atom interferometry techniques and how to leverage and control interatomic interactions. Next, we review common ensemble detection strategies, including absorption and fluorescence imaging, state-selective readout, correlation and quantum non-demolition measurements and conclude with high-resolution approaches. This review aims to provide newcomers to the field with a broad understanding of the experimental toolkit that underpins research in ultracold atom physics and its applications across quantum science and technology.