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AIP conference proceedings

Deep Optical Trap for Cold Calcium Atoms

Milena Sereno, Luciano Soares da Cruz, Flávio C. Cruz, Niklaus Ursus Wetter, Jaime Frejlich

Published Jan 1, 2008• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We describe a setup for a deep optical dipole trap or lattice which should be capable of trapping atoms at temperatures of a few milliKelvin. This apparatus will be used to trap and cool calcium atoms below the Doppler temperature and also to produce a 1D optical lattice. We intend to perform resolved sideband cooling on the trapped atoms, using for example the calcium intercombination transition at 657 nm, in addition to investigate the use of evaporative cooling by lowering the trap potential.

DOI
10.1063/1.2926902

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We describe a setup for a deep optical dipole trap or lattice which should be capable of trapping atoms at temperatures of a few milliKelvin. This apparatus will be used to trap and cool calcium atoms below the Doppler temperature and also to produce a 1D optical lattice. We intend to perform resolved sideband cooling on the trapped atoms, using for example the calcium intercombination transition at 657 nm, in addition to investigate the use of evaporative cooling by lowering the trap potential.
We describe a setup for a deep optical dipole trap or lattice designed for holding atoms at temperatures of a few mK, such as alkaline-Earth atoms which have undergone only regular Doppler cooling. We use an external optical cavity to amplify 3.2 W from a commercial single-frequency laser at 532 nm to 523 W. Powers of a few kW, attainable with low-loss optics or higher input powers, allow larger trap volumes for improved atom transfer from magneto-optical traps. We analyze possibilities for cooling inside the deep trap, the induced Stark shifts for calcium, and a cancellation scheme for the intercombination clock transition using an auxiliary laser.
Sideband laser cooling using stimulated Raman transitions is performed on trapped cesium atoms. The confinement is produced by a far–off-resonance dipole trap consisting of two crossed YAG beams which, by interference, create a one-dimensional optical lattice. In a pure intensity lattice, we measure a 1D temperature of T = 6 μK corresponding to a mean quantum vibrational number of about ⟨ n v ⟩ = 0.75. In a polarization gradient lattice, the final temperature is T = 3.6 μK corresponding to ⟨ n v ⟩ ≃ 2.4.
This paper reports results of cooling and trapping of88Sr for future use in an optical lattice clock. Strontium atoms are cooled to ultra-cold temperatures using a two-stage cooling process. In the first stage, atoms are captured from a Zeeman-slowed atomic beam and cooled to 2 mK in a magneto optical trap operated on the1So-1P1transition at 461 nm. The second cooling stage utilizes the spin forbidden1So-3P1transition at 689 nm. To reach ultra-cold temperatures, 50 ms of broadband cooling is followed by 28 ms long single frequency cooling. The transfer efficiency from the first to the second cooling stage was measured to be 23%, leaving 7 x 106 atoms at a temperature of 1 muK. The atomic cloud is overlapped with a horizontally oriented 1-D far-off resonance optical dipole trap (FORT) at 813 nm with an effective potential depth of 25 muK. Due to equal light shifts of the1Soand the3P1state simultaneous Doppler cooling during the atom loading into the FORT is possible which leads to a transfer efficiency into the dipole trap of up to 60%.
We explore an efficient method for preparing large samples of ultracold calcium atoms. An optimized conventional (Doppler-limited) magneto-optical trap collects atoms from a Zeeman cooled atomic beam using a strong dipole transition within the singlet system. This transition is not completely closed thus yielding an intense flux of atoms into the metastable triplet state 3P2.{}^{3}{P}_{2}.3P2​. A second magneto-optical trap sharing the same magnetic-field gradient is superimposed which captures and further cools the metastables using the narrow-band infrared transition ${}^{3}{\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{{P}_{2}}}^{3}{D}_{3}.$ In our present experiment we were able to prepare $3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{8}$ atoms at temperatures below 20 microkelvin within 250 ms. Minor technical improvements of our setup promise to yield above 1010{10}^{10}1010 atoms at submicrokelvin temperatures within 1 s.
Sideband laser cooling using stimulated Raman transitions is performed on trapped cesium atoms. The confinement is produced by a far–off-resonance dipole trap consisting of two crossed YAG beams which, by interference, create a one-dimensional optical lattice. In a pure intensity lattice, we measure a 1D temperature of T = 6 μK corresponding to a mean quantum vibrational number of about nv = 0.75. In a polarization gradient lattice, the final temperature is T = 3.6 μK corresponding to nv 2.4.