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物理学前沿：英文版

Quantum secure direct communication and deterministic secure quantum communication

Gui‐Lu Long, Fu‐Guo Deng, Chuan Xi Wang, Xihan Li, Kai Wen, Wanying Wang

Published Jul 1, 2007• 309 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1007/s11467-007-0050-3

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Two protocols for deterministic secure quantum communication (DSQC) using GHZ-like states have been proposed. It is shown that one of these protocols can be modified to an equivalent but more efficient protocol of quantum secure direct communication (QSDC). Security and efficiency of the proposed protocols are analyzed in detail and are critically compared with the existing protocols. It is shown that the proposed protocols are highly efficient. It is also shown that all the physical systems where dense coding is possible can be used to design maximally efficient protocol of DSQC and QSDC. Further, it is shown that dense coding is sufficient but not essential for DSQC and QSDC protocols of the present kind. We have shown that there exist a large class of quantum state which can be used to design maximally efficient DSQC and QSDC protocols of the present kind. It is further, observed that maximally efficient QSDC protocols are more efficient than their DSQC counterparts. This additional efficiency arises at the cost of message transmission rate.
Two effective stable quantum communication protocols using 3-qubit and 4-qubit symmetric W states have recently been suggested. These two protocols based on dense coding are extended and their efficiencies are greatly increased. Simplebounds are obtained on the qubit efficiency of determinist safe quantum communication (DSQC) and quantum secure direct communication (QSDC) protocols, and it is shown that dense coding is not sufficient for the design of DSQC and QSDC protocols that are maximally effective. This fact is used to develop DSQC and QSDC protocols that are maximally effective using 3-qubit and 4-qubit W states.
Quantum secure direct communication (QSDC) is a new type quantum communication scheme based on quantum mechanics, which can transmit deterministic information and is more close to classical communication compared with earlier quantum key distribution (QKD) schemes which require auxiliary pre-distribution of secret key, and has become an important branch of quantum communication in recent years. A comprehensive review is presented about the present development of QSDC, with typical QSDC schemes based on various quantum principles as well as the comparisons between them. Then the experimental research on QSDC is reviewed briefly and the future direction is prospected in the end.