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Entanglement in Spin Waves with Binary Dipolar Atoms in a 2D Optical Lattice

H. T. Ng, Keith R. Burnett

Published Jun 13, 2006• 1 citation
OpenAlex

Abstract

We study the area-dependent entropy and two-site entanglement in the spin waves with binary interacting dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates in a 2D optical lattice. The two species condensates at each site behave like an ensemble of spin-half particles with the interaction to its nearest neighbors and next nearest neighbors. We show that the ground state of a Bose-Einstein condensate lattice with nearest-neighbor and next-nearest-neighbor interactions exhibits spin wave and can be mapped into a harmonic lattice. The critical behavior of the area-dependent entropy and two-site entanglement is examined in the vicinity of a quantum phase transition.

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We study the area-dependent entropy and two-site entanglement in the spin waves with binary interacting dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates in a 2D optical lattice. The two species condensates at each site behave like an ensemble of spin-half particles with the interaction to its nearest neighbors and next nearest neighbors. We show that the ground state of a Bose-Einstein condensate lattice with nearest-neighbor and next-nearest-neighbor interactions exhibits spin wave and can be mapped into a harmonic lattice. The critical behavior of the area-dependent entropy and two-site entanglement is examined in the vicinity of a quantum phase transition.
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We study the ground-state magnetic properties of ferromagnetic spinor Bose-Einstein condensates confined in deep optical lattices. In the Mott-insulator regime, the ``minicondensates'' at each lattice site behave as mesoscopic spin magnets that can interact with neighboring sites through both the static magnetic dipolar interaction and the light-induced dipolar interaction. We show that such an array of spin magnets can undergo a ferromagnetic or antiferromagnetic phase transition under the magnetic dipolar interaction depending on the dimension of the confining optical lattice. The ground-state spin configurations and related magnetic properties are investigated in detail.
The spin dynamics of atomic Bose-Einstein condensates confined in a one-dimensional optical lattice is studied. The condensates at each lattice site behave like spin magnets that can interact with each other through both the light-induced dipole-dipole interaction and the static magnetic dipole-dipole interaction. We show how these site-to-site dipolar interactions can distort the ground-state spin orientations and lead to the excitation of spin waves. The dispersion relation of the spin waves is studied and possible detection schemes are proposed.
We identify the quantum phases in a binary mixture of dipolar bosons in two-dimensional optical lattices. Our study is motivated by the recent experimental realization of binary dipolar condensate mixtures of Er-Dy [Phys. Rev. Lett. 121, 213601 (2018)]. We model the system by using the extended two-species Bose-Hubbard model and calculate the ground-state phase diagrams by using mean-field theory. For selected cases we also obtain analytical phase boundaries by using the site-decoupled mean-field theory. For comparison we also examine the phase diagram of two-species Bose-Hubbard model. Our results show that the quantum phases with the long-range intraspecies interaction phase separate with no phase ordering. The introduction of the long-range interspecies interaction modifies the quantum phases of the system. It leads to the emergence of phase-separated quantum phases with phase ordering. The transition from the phase-separated quantum phases without phase ordering to phase ordered ones breaks the inversion symmetry.
Motivated by the recent experiment on the Bose-Einstein condensation of 52^{52}52Cr atoms with long-range dipolar interactions (Werner J. et al., Phys. Rev. Lett., 94 (2005) 183201), we consider a system of bosons with repulsive nearest and next-nearest neighbor interactions in an optical lattice. The ground state phase diagram, calculated using the Gutzwiller ansatz, shows, apart from the superfluid (SF) and the Mott insulator (MI), two modulated phases, \textit{i.e.}, the charge density wave (CDW) and the supersolid (SS). Excitation spectra are also calculated which show a gap in the insulators, gapless, phonon mode in the superfluid and the supersolid, and a mode softening of superfluid excitations in the vicinity of the modulated phases. We discuss the possibility of observing these phases in cold dipolar atoms and propose experiments to detect them.
We observe interband transitions mediated by dipole-dipole interactions for an array of 1D quantum gases of chromium atoms, trapped in a 2D optical lattice. Interband transitions occur when dipolar relaxation releases an energy larger than the lattice band gap. For symmetric lattice sites, and a magnetic field parallel to the lattice axis, we compare the measured dipolar relaxation rate with a Fermi golden rule calculation. Below a magnetic field threshold, we obtain an almost complete suppression of dipolar relaxation, leading to metastable 1D gases in the highest Zeeman state.