We discuss the basic properties of momentum distributions in quantum mechanics for elementary systems as well as their classical analogue. Semiclassical approximations can show a quantitative connection between the classical and quantum cases. We believe that such distributions provide a useful tool to improve the understanding of elementary quantum mechanics. Important differences between distributions in coordinate and momentum space are pointed out. Elementary examples (free and uniformly accelerating particle, harmonic oscillator and square-well potential) are discussed.
This chapter reviews elementary quantum mechanics, the introduction of a Hilbert space, quantum operators, and the promotion of Poisson brackets to commutators. It discusses the Harmonic oscillator, and introduces the number representation and creation and annihilation operators. The chapter then describes some elements of quantum field theory. It focuses on the free Klein-Gordon field as an example and shows that it can be viewed as a collection of Harmonic oscillators. The chapter then covers interacting quantum field theories, the interaction picture, Wick's theorem, and Feynman diagrams, and briefly considers renormalizability, the problems that arise in the case of gravity, and the asymptotic safety scenario.