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Quantum Information and Computation

Comments on multiplicativity of maximal p-norms when p=2

Christopher King, Mary Beth Ruskai

Published Dec 1, 2004• 27 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We consider the maximal p-norm associated with a completely positive map and the question of its multiplicativity under tensor products. We give a condition under which this multiplicativity holds when p = 2, and we describe some maps which satisfy our condition. This class includes maps for which multiplicativity is known to fail for large p. Our work raises some questions of independent interest in matrix theory; these are discussed in two appendices.

DOI
10.26421/qic4.6-7-9

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We consider the maximal p-norm associated with a completely positive map and the question of its multiplicativity under tensor products. We give a condition under which this multiplicativity holds when p = 2, and we describe some maps which satisfy our condition. This class includes maps for which multiplicativity is known to fail for large p. Our work raises some questions of independent interest in matrix theory; these are discussed in two appendices.
Multiplicativity of certain maximal p -> q norms of a tensor product of linear maps on matrix algebras is proved in situations in which the condition of complete positivity (CP) is either augmented by, or replaced by, the requirement that the entries of a matrix representative of the map are non-negative (EP). In particular, for integer t, multiplicativity holds for the maximal 2 -> 2t norm of a product of two maps, whenever one of the pair is EP; for the maximal 1 -> t norm for pairs of CP maps when one of them is also EP; and for the maximal 1 -> 2t norm for the product of an EP and a 2-positive map. Similar results are shown in the infinite-dimensional setting of convolution operators on L^2(R), with the pointwise positivity of an integral kernel replacing entrywise positivity of a matrix. These results apply in particular to Gaussian bosonic channels.
In this paper, we present a class of maps for which the multiplicativity of the maximal output p-norm holds for p=2 and p≥4. The class includes all positive trace-preserving maps from B(C3) to B(C2). In this sense, the result is a generalization of the corresponding result in the work of King and Koldan [“New multiplicativity results for qubit maps,” J. Math. Phys. 47, 042106 (2006)], where the multiplicativity was proved for all positive trace-preserving maps from B(C2) to B(C2) with p=2 and p≥4. Interestingly, by contrast, the multiplicativity of p-norm was investigated in the context of quantum information theory and shown not to hold, in general, for high dimensional quantum channels [Hayden, P. and Winter, A., “Counterexamples to the maximal p-norm multiplicativity conjecture for all p>1,” Commun. Math. Phys. 284, 263 (2008)]. Moreover, the Werner–Holevo channel, which is a map from B(C3) to B(C3), is a counterexample for p>4.79 [Werner and Holevo, J. Math. Phys. 43, 4353 (2002).].