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Revista Mexicana de Física

Quantum beats from four-wave mixing in Rubidium 87

F. E. Becerra, R. T. Willis, S. L. Rolston, Luis A. Orozco

Published Jan 1, 2011• 1 citation
OpenAlex

Abstract

"We describe the measurements of the cross-correlation function of photon pairs at 780 nm and 1367 nm showing quantum beats from Four- Wave Mixing (FWM) generated in Rubidium 87. The quantum beats come from the interference between two-photon decay paths through different intermediate hyperfine states in the process. We observe that it is possible to select different decay paths, and modify the biphoton spectra, by coupling different hyperfine levels of the atomic configuration in Rubidium with the pump fields and using selection rules."

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"We describe the measurements of the cross-correlation function of photon pairs at 780 nm and 1367 nm showing quantum beats from Four- Wave Mixing (FWM) generated in Rubidium 87. The quantum beats come from the interference between two-photon decay paths through different intermediate hyperfine states in the process. We observe that it is possible to select different decay paths, and modify the biphoton spectra, by coupling different hyperfine levels of the atomic configuration in Rubidium with the pump fields and using selection rules."
Probing the interactions between a mode-locked laser pulse and saturated rubidium vapor with a pump–probe technique has resulted in observations of coherences within the atom that persist longer than 150 ps. Quantum beats due to the interference between the 7S and 5D_{5/2} energy states were observed by a four-wave mixing process. The difference frequency between the 5D–5P_{3/2} and the 5P_{3/2}–5S transitions was also observed for interpulse delays up to 180 ps. The temporal evolution of the beat amplitude indicates the existence of a superfluorescent process and a scattering process detected simultaneously with the four-wave mixing process. A model was developed to explain the processes and was used to predict the range of pulse parameters for which the scattering process and four-wave mixing could be simultaneously detected.
A theoretical model of coupled four-wave mixing (FWM) processes comprising five atomic energy levels was proposed to investigate the coherent characteristics of atomic wave packets using perturbation theory. As several states in atoms are coherently excited by a two-photon transition, triple coupled FWM can be produced, and triple quantum beats associated with the atomic energy levels are embedded in the FWM signals. Triple coupled FWM processes were achieved experimentally in Rb vapor by two-photon excitation using broadband optical pulses. A pump–probe scheme was utilized to record the time-varying FWM signals, and Fourier transform was applied to retrieve the quantum beats. Furthermore, short-time Fourier transform was implemented to investigate the dynamics of quantum beats. The results show that the coherent characteristics of atomic wave packets, which are intimately related to the dynamics of quantum beats, can be probed by coupled nonlinear optical wave mixing.
Two coupled parametric four-wave-mixing processes in Rb atoms are studied using perturbation theory, which reveals clear evidence of the appearance of quantum beat at 608 cm −1 , corresponding to the energy difference of the 7 s −5 d states of Rb atoms, in the parametric four-wave-mixing signals. A pump–probe technique is utilized to observe the quantum beat. Time-varying characteristics of the quantum beat are investigated using time-dependent Fourier transform. The results show that the time-varying characteristics of the quantum beat not only offers a sensitive detecting method for observing the decay of atomic wave packets, but also provides a potential tool for monitoring the dissociation of molecules.