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AIP conference proceedings

Fermi-Bose Mixtures in Three-Dimensional Optical Lattices

C. Ospelkaus, Silke Ospelkaus, Philipp T. Ernst, O. Wille, M. Succo, Leif Humbert, K. Sengstock, Kai Bongs

Published Jan 1, 2006• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In this article, we summarize our recent results on Fermi‐Bose mixtures in 3D optical lattices. We present the first measurements on Fermi‐Bose quantum gas mixtures in a 3D optical lattice as well as the first realization of ultracold heteronuclear molecules in this lattice by means of Feshbach‐tuning and rf‐association.
DOI
10.1063/1.2400652

Related papers

Heteronuclear quantum gas mixtures

C. Ospelkaus, S Ospelkaus

This PhD tutorial article is a review of our experiments on heteronuclear quantum gas mixtures at the University of Hamburg. We introduce basic properties of trapped Fermi-Bose mixtures and demonstrate the achievement of large quantum degenerate mixtures of 40K and 87Rb. Using heteronuclear Feshbach resonances, we show how the heteronuclear interaction can be tuned, allowing us to induce phase separation and collapse for large repulsive and attractive interactions, respectively. We realize Fermi-Bose mixtures in 3D optical lattices as a novel quantum many-body system and study coherence properties of the mixture. Combining our experiments on lattices and Feshbach resonances, we present the first realization of ultracold heteronuclear Feshbach molecules. The molecules are created at individual sites of a 3D optical lattice. We discuss lifetime, binding energy and rf association efficiency in terms of a universal model and give an outlook for possible future developments.

arXiv:0808.4147•Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics•Oct 1, 2008•9 citations

Ultracold Heteronuclear Molecules in a 3D Optical Lattice

C. Ospelkaus, Silke Ospelkaus, Leif Humbert +3 more

We report on the creation of ultracold heteronuclear molecules assembled from fermionic 40K and bosonic 87Rb atoms in a 3D optical lattice. Molecules are produced at a heteronuclear Feshbach resonance on both the attractive and the repulsive sides of the resonance. We precisely determine the binding energy of the heteronuclear molecules from rf spectroscopy across the Feshbach resonance. We characterize the lifetime of the molecular sample as a function of magnetic field and measure lifetimes between 20 and 120 ms. The efficiency of molecule creation via rf association is measured and is found to decrease as expected for more deeply bound molecules.

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Ultracold Heteronuclear Molecules created from Quantum Gases

C. Ospelkaus, Silke Ospelkaus, Leif Humbert +6 more

This work discusses the first creation of long-lived heteronuclear molecules made from fermionic40K and bosonic87Rb atoms. A suppression of collisions is achieved by the creation and storage of individual molecules in separate wells of an optical lattice. In particular, a quantum degenerate Fermi-Bose mixture in a 3D optical lattice is obtained, the magnetic field close to an interspecies Feshbach resonance is tuned, and the rf association of the atoms is performed.

Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC)•Jun 1, 2007•0 citations

Quantum Degenerate Fermi-Bose Mixtures of 40K and 87Rb in 3D Optical Lattices

Silke Ospelkaus

Recent years have seen spectacular progress towards the realization of novel strongly correlated systems with homonuclear ultracold quantum gases. The strongly correlated regime has been demonstrated to be accessible both by means of strong, periodic confinement as demonstrated in experiments with optical lattices and through strong resonant interactions which can be produced by means of Feshbach resonances. Given the impressive development seen in homonuclear systems, heteronuclear systems composed of particles with different quantum-statistical behavior (Fermi-Bose mixtures) offer an even wider spectrum of possibilities for quantum simulation and strongly correlated phases, in particular when loaded into an optical lattice and combined with the possibility of almost arbitrary interactions through Feshbach resonances. In this thesis, experiments with Fermi-Bose mixtures in 3-dimensional optical lattices and under the influence of tunable heteronuclear interactions are presented. 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The periodic potential of an optical lattice is an ideal environment for simulation of quantum many-body Hamiltonians and systems of reduced dimensionality. Theoretical results for fermionic and bosonic atoms in optical lattices are presented, both in a single particle picture, highlighting the role of the external trapping potential, as well as in the interacting many-particle limit. This thesis documents the first realization of a Fermi-Bose quantum many-body system in a 3D optical lattice. In these experiments, the effect of a small fermionic fraction on the coherence properties of the bosonic sample is investigated. Already a small fermionic impurity fraction strongly affects the coherence properties of the bosonic cloud. The quantitative analysis shows that in the presence of the fermionic component, decoherence of the bosonic ensemble occurs at much lower lattice depths than for a pure bosonic sample. The surprisingly large effect has triggered an intense discussion on possible explanations in terms of thermodynamic properties, mean field models and disorder-related localization scenarios. Combining tunable interactions with 3-dimensional optical lattices, formation of heteronuclear Feshbach molecules in single wells of the lattice is demonstrated for the first time, along with a determination of the molecular binding energy and lifetime. By subsequent two-color photoassociation schemes, these (externally) ground state molecules may be transferred into their internal ground state where they exhibit a permanent electric dipole moment. This may result in the realization of novel quantum gases with anisotropic interactions. Das Feld ultrakalter homonuklearer Quantengase wurde in den letzten Jahren durch fundamentale Fortschritte in der Realisierung stark korrelierter Systeme gepragt. Das Regime starker Korrelation wurde sowohl durch starke aussere Einschlusspotentiale in optischen Gittern als auch durch starke resonante Wechselwirkung an einer Feshbach-Resonanz erreicht. Heteronukleare Systeme gemischter Quantenstatistik (Fermi-Bose Mischungen), kombiniert mit dreidimensionalen optischen Gittern und einstellbarer Wechselwirkung, eroffnen die Perspektive, fundamental neue Quantenphasen stark korrelierter Systeme zu realisieren und in einer extrem reinen und kontrollierbaren Umgebung zu studieren. In dieser Arbeit wurde zusammen mit C. Ospelkaus ein Experiment zum Studium ultrakalter Fermi-Bose Mischungen aus 40K und 87Rb in dreidimensionalen optischen Gittern mit einstellbarer Wechselwirkung aufgebaut. Ausgehend von quantentarteten Mischungen groser Teilchenzahl wurden Effekte der attraktiven Hintergrundwechselwirkung zwischen den Konstituenten untersucht. Die Durchstimmbarkeit der Wechselwirkung an einer heteronuklearen Feshbach-Resonanz wurde erstmalig demonstriert und die grundlegenden Phasen harmonisch gefangener Fermi-Bose Mischungen untersucht. Dies reicht von einem wechselwirkungsinduzierten Kollaps im Falle attraktiver Wechselwirkung uber stabile Mischungen attraktiver und repulsiver Wechselwirkung bis hin zur Phasenseparation im Falle starker repulsiver Wechselwirkung. Periodische optische Potentiale bieten eine ideale Umgebung zur Simulation von Vielteilchen-Hamiltonoperatoren und niederdimensionalen Systemen. Grundlegende theoretische Ergebnisse fur fermionische und bosonische Systeme in optischen Gittern werden sowohl aus der Perspektive eines Einteilchenbildes als auch eines Vielteilchenbildes mit und ohne Wechselwirkung vorgestellt. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wurde erstmalig ein Vielteilchensystem gemischter Statistik in einem dreidimensionalen optischen Gitter realisiert. In ersten Experimenten wurden die Koharenzeigenschaften der bosonischen Komponente unter dem Einfluss der fermionischen Atome untersucht. Bereits eine kleine Beimischung fermionischer Atome beeinflusst die Koharenzeigenschaften der Bosonen signifikant und induziert einen Koharenzverlust in der bosonischen Wolke bei wesentlich flacheren Gittern als im rein bosonischen System. Die Ursache dieses erstaunlich grosen Effektes wird derzeitig kontrovers diskutiert. Als mogliche Ursachen werden thermodynamische Eigenschaften des Ladeprozesses der Mischung in das Gitter, eine Verschiebung des Ubergangs einer superfluiden in eine Mott-isolierende Phase unter dem Einfluss der heteronuklearen Wechselwirkung sowie unordnungsinduzierte Lokalisierungsphanomene diskutiert. Schlieslich wird die erstmalige Erzeugung langlebiger heteronuklearer Feshbach-Molekule in einem optischen Gitter vorgestellt. In diesen Experimenten wird die Durchstimmbarkeit der Wechselwirkung an einer Feshbach Resonanz mit dreidimensionalen optischen Gittern kombiniert. Die Effizienz des Assoziationsprozesses wird charakterisiert und die Bindungsenergie und Lebensdauer der Molekule gemessen. Fur heteronukleare Molekule aus 40K und 87Rb wird ein permanentes elektrisches Dipolmoment in ihrem absoluten Grundzustand vorhergesagt. Diese heteronuklearen Molekule bieten daher weitreichende Perspektiven zum Studium von Quantengasen anisotroper dipolarer Wechselwirkung.

•Feb 28, 2007•8 citations

Lattice simulation of ultracold atomic Bose- Fermi mixtures

Arata Yamamoto

Bose-Fermi mixtures have been recently realized and invesitigated in ultracold atomic experiments. We formulate quantum Monte Carlo simulation of Bose-Fermi mixtures on the (3+1)-dimensional lattice. As its first application, we analyze the boson-fermion pair correlation and the phase diagram of the Bose-Einstein condensation.

arXiv:1207.0376•International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory (LATTICE)•Dec 20, 2012•1 citation

FERMIONIC ATOMS WITH TUNABLE INTERACTIONS IN A 3D OPTICAL LATTICE

Thilo Stöferle, Henning Moritz, C. Schori +3 more

We report on the realization of a quantum degenerate atomic Fermi gas in an optical lattice. Fermi surfaces of noninteracting fermions are studied in a three-dimensional lattice. Using a Feshbach resonance, we observe a coupling of the Bloch bands in the strongly interacting regime.

arXiv:cond-mat/0601045•Laser Spectroscopy•Dec 1, 2005•1 citation
This PhD tutorial article is a review of our experiments on heteronuclear quantum gas mixtures at the University of Hamburg. We introduce basic properties of trapped Fermi-Bose mixtures and demonstrate the achievement of large quantum degenerate mixtures of 40K and 87Rb. Using heteronuclear Feshbach resonances, we show how the heteronuclear interaction can be tuned, allowing us to induce phase separation and collapse for large repulsive and attractive interactions, respectively. We realize Fermi-Bose mixtures in 3D optical lattices as a novel quantum many-body system and study coherence properties of the mixture. Combining our experiments on lattices and Feshbach resonances, we present the first realization of ultracold heteronuclear Feshbach molecules. The molecules are created at individual sites of a 3D optical lattice. We discuss lifetime, binding energy and rf association efficiency in terms of a universal model and give an outlook for possible future developments.
We report on the creation of ultracold heteronuclear molecules assembled from fermionic 40K and bosonic 87Rb atoms in a 3D optical lattice. Molecules are produced at a heteronuclear Feshbach resonance on both the attractive and the repulsive sides of the resonance. We precisely determine the binding energy of the heteronuclear molecules from rf spectroscopy across the Feshbach resonance. We characterize the lifetime of the molecular sample as a function of magnetic field and measure lifetimes between 20 and 120 ms. The efficiency of molecule creation via rf association is measured and is found to decrease as expected for more deeply bound molecules.
Recent years have seen spectacular progress towards the realization of novel strongly correlated systems with homonuclear ultracold quantum gases. The strongly correlated regime has been demonstrated to be accessible both by means of strong, periodic confinement as demonstrated in experiments with optical lattices and through strong resonant interactions which can be produced by means of Feshbach resonances. Given the impressive development seen in homonuclear systems, heteronuclear systems composed of particles with different quantum-statistical behavior (Fermi-Bose mixtures) offer an even wider spectrum of possibilities for quantum simulation and strongly correlated phases, in particular when loaded into an optical lattice and combined with the possibility of almost arbitrary interactions through Feshbach resonances. In this thesis, experiments with Fermi-Bose mixtures in 3-dimensional optical lattices and under the influence of tunable heteronuclear interactions are presented. An experiment allowing for the creation of large mixtures of quantum degenerate fermionic 40K and bosonic 87Rb gases has been set up together with C. Ospelkaus. The onset of degeneracy in both components is demonstrated, and effects of the heteronuclear attractive background interaction are studied. Heteronuclear Feshbach resonances have been used for the first time in order to change the interaction properties of the mixture in a controlled fashion. This has allowed the study of the complete phase diagram of harmonically trapped mixtures, ranging from stable attractively interacting mixtures over a Feshbach-driven controlled mean field collapse of the system for strong attractive interactions, the onset of phase separation for strong repulsive interactions to stable, repulsively interacting mixtures. The studies of Feshbach resonances have also led to the identification of the first p-wave heteronuclear resonance. The periodic potential of an optical lattice is an ideal environment for simulation of quantum many-body Hamiltonians and systems of reduced dimensionality. Theoretical results for fermionic and bosonic atoms in optical lattices are presented, both in a single particle picture, highlighting the role of the external trapping potential, as well as in the interacting many-particle limit. This thesis documents the first realization of a Fermi-Bose quantum many-body system in a 3D optical lattice. In these experiments, the effect of a small fermionic fraction on the coherence properties of the bosonic sample is investigated. Already a small fermionic impurity fraction strongly affects the coherence properties of the bosonic cloud. The quantitative analysis shows that in the presence of the fermionic component, decoherence of the bosonic ensemble occurs at much lower lattice depths than for a pure bosonic sample. The surprisingly large effect has triggered an intense discussion on possible explanations in terms of thermodynamic properties, mean field models and disorder-related localization scenarios. Combining tunable interactions with 3-dimensional optical lattices, formation of heteronuclear Feshbach molecules in single wells of the lattice is demonstrated for the first time, along with a determination of the molecular binding energy and lifetime. By subsequent two-color photoassociation schemes, these (externally) ground state molecules may be transferred into their internal ground state where they exhibit a permanent electric dipole moment. This may result in the realization of novel quantum gases with anisotropic interactions. Das Feld ultrakalter homonuklearer Quantengase wurde in den letzten Jahren durch fundamentale Fortschritte in der Realisierung stark korrelierter Systeme gepragt. Das Regime starker Korrelation wurde sowohl durch starke aussere Einschlusspotentiale in optischen Gittern als auch durch starke resonante Wechselwirkung an einer Feshbach-Resonanz erreicht. Heteronukleare Systeme gemischter Quantenstatistik (Fermi-Bose Mischungen), kombiniert mit dreidimensionalen optischen Gittern und einstellbarer Wechselwirkung, eroffnen die Perspektive, fundamental neue Quantenphasen stark korrelierter Systeme zu realisieren und in einer extrem reinen und kontrollierbaren Umgebung zu studieren. In dieser Arbeit wurde zusammen mit C. Ospelkaus ein Experiment zum Studium ultrakalter Fermi-Bose Mischungen aus 40K und 87Rb in dreidimensionalen optischen Gittern mit einstellbarer Wechselwirkung aufgebaut. Ausgehend von quantentarteten Mischungen groser Teilchenzahl wurden Effekte der attraktiven Hintergrundwechselwirkung zwischen den Konstituenten untersucht. Die Durchstimmbarkeit der Wechselwirkung an einer heteronuklearen Feshbach-Resonanz wurde erstmalig demonstriert und die grundlegenden Phasen harmonisch gefangener Fermi-Bose Mischungen untersucht. Dies reicht von einem wechselwirkungsinduzierten Kollaps im Falle attraktiver Wechselwirkung uber stabile Mischungen attraktiver und repulsiver Wechselwirkung bis hin zur Phasenseparation im Falle starker repulsiver Wechselwirkung. Periodische optische Potentiale bieten eine ideale Umgebung zur Simulation von Vielteilchen-Hamiltonoperatoren und niederdimensionalen Systemen. Grundlegende theoretische Ergebnisse fur fermionische und bosonische Systeme in optischen Gittern werden sowohl aus der Perspektive eines Einteilchenbildes als auch eines Vielteilchenbildes mit und ohne Wechselwirkung vorgestellt. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wurde erstmalig ein Vielteilchensystem gemischter Statistik in einem dreidimensionalen optischen Gitter realisiert. In ersten Experimenten wurden die Koharenzeigenschaften der bosonischen Komponente unter dem Einfluss der fermionischen Atome untersucht. Bereits eine kleine Beimischung fermionischer Atome beeinflusst die Koharenzeigenschaften der Bosonen signifikant und induziert einen Koharenzverlust in der bosonischen Wolke bei wesentlich flacheren Gittern als im rein bosonischen System. Die Ursache dieses erstaunlich grosen Effektes wird derzeitig kontrovers diskutiert. Als mogliche Ursachen werden thermodynamische Eigenschaften des Ladeprozesses der Mischung in das Gitter, eine Verschiebung des Ubergangs einer superfluiden in eine Mott-isolierende Phase unter dem Einfluss der heteronuklearen Wechselwirkung sowie unordnungsinduzierte Lokalisierungsphanomene diskutiert. Schlieslich wird die erstmalige Erzeugung langlebiger heteronuklearer Feshbach-Molekule in einem optischen Gitter vorgestellt. In diesen Experimenten wird die Durchstimmbarkeit der Wechselwirkung an einer Feshbach Resonanz mit dreidimensionalen optischen Gittern kombiniert. Die Effizienz des Assoziationsprozesses wird charakterisiert und die Bindungsenergie und Lebensdauer der Molekule gemessen. Fur heteronukleare Molekule aus 40K und 87Rb wird ein permanentes elektrisches Dipolmoment in ihrem absoluten Grundzustand vorhergesagt. Diese heteronuklearen Molekule bieten daher weitreichende Perspektiven zum Studium von Quantengasen anisotroper dipolarer Wechselwirkung.