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Acta Physica Sinica

Generation of Raman light source with an anti-reflection-coated edge-emitting laser diode in an external cavity

Yanfeng Zhang, Gang Li, Zhang Yu-Chi, Zhang Peng-Fei, Junmin Wang, Tiancai Zhang

Published Jan 1, 2011• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Phase locked two laser beams with a tunable and controllable frequency difference in a range of several GHz play a major role in the stimulated Raman transition, coherent population trapping, quantum states preparation and other quantum manipulation researches. We demonstrate such leaser beams with a tunable frequency difference in a range of 6.09.3GHz. In particular, the frequency differences of 6.835GHz and 9.192GHz corresponding to the ground state's hyperfine splitting in Rb87 and Cs133 respectively are realized experimentally. The power of the modulated beam is measured to be 6.87mW. With an antireflection-coated edge-emitting diode placed in an external cavity, we can suppress the carrier completely when the modulation frequency is lower than 4.0GHz by adjusting the external cavity length, the temperature, the current of the diode, and the power of the modulation. When the modulation is higher than 4.0GHz we cannot fully suppress the carrier, but we can also obtain the laser beams each with a high modulation depth due to modulation enhancement by external cavity resonance.

DOI
10.7498/aps.60.104206

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Phase locked two laser beams with a tunable and controllable frequency difference in a range of several GHz play a major role in the stimulated Raman transition, coherent population trapping, quantum states preparation and other quantum manipulation researches. We demonstrate such leaser beams with a tunable frequency difference in a range of 6.09.3GHz. In particular, the frequency differences of 6.835GHz and 9.192GHz corresponding to the ground state's hyperfine splitting in Rb87 and Cs133 respectively are realized experimentally. The power of the modulated beam is measured to be 6.87mW. With an antireflection-coated edge-emitting diode placed in an external cavity, we can suppress the carrier completely when the modulation frequency is lower than 4.0GHz by adjusting the external cavity length, the temperature, the current of the diode, and the power of the modulation. When the modulation is higher than 4.0GHz we cannot fully suppress the carrier, but we can also obtain the laser beams each with a high modulation depth due to modulation enhancement by external cavity resonance.
Two phase-coherent Raman laser beams with a frequency offset of 6.835 GHz were generated by sideband injection-locking technique. A master diode laser was phase-modulated at 6.835 GHz by a fiber electro-optic modulator. A slave diode was injection-locked to the -1 sideband of the phase-modulated beam, and another diode was locked to the master laser carrier. This method produced stable and spatially separated Raman lasers with a large frequency shift range (>180 MHz). The relative linewidth of these two beams was ∼1 Hz, and the unwanted carrier mode was suppressed down to -24 dB. Stimulated Raman transitions and Ramsey fringes were driven by Raman lasers in a cold atomic beam.
A compact and robust laser system is essential for mobile atom interferometers. Phase modulation can provide the two necessary phase-coherent frequencies without sophisticated phase-locking between two different lasers. However, the additional laser frequencies generated can perturb the atom interferometer. In this article, we report on a novel method to produce a single high-power laser beam composed of two phase-coherent sidebands without the perturbing carrier mode. Light from a diode laser is phase-modulated by using a fiber-coupled electro-optic modulator driven at 3.4 GHz and passes through a Fabry-Perot cavity with a 6.8 GHz free spectral range. The cavity filters the carrier mode to leave the two first-order sidebands for the two-photon Raman transition between the two hyperfine ground states of 87 Rb. The laser beam is then fed to a single tapered amplifier, and the two sidebands are both amplified without mode competition. The phase noise is lower than that of a state-of-the-art optically phase-locked external-cavity diode laser (−135 dBrad 2 /Hz at 10 kHz) at frequencies above 10 Hz. This technique can be used in all-fiber-based laser systems for future mobile atom interferometers.
The advancement of cold atom gravimeters (CAG) is based on the precise control and stabilization of lasers used for the atom interferometry.The 5S → 5P transition in rubidium (Rb) at 780.241 nm is crucial for such quantum technology applications.In this study, the hyperfine structure of 5 2 S1/2 → 5 2 P3/2, D2 transition line of 87 Rb atoms obtained through saturation absorption spectroscopy, are used as a reference for the frequency stabilization of an external cavity diode laser (ECDL) operating at 780 nm.The ECDL is locked to the hyperfine saturated absorption peak of 87 Rb (F = 2 → 3').This laser beam is combined with another 780 nm ECDL laser to obtain the beat frequency spectrum, generating a beat note signal of ~ 6.8 GHz, which is needed for phase stabilization between lasers.These are critical for the Raman beam generation in the CAG, as the 87 Rb atoms ground hyperfine states (F = 1 and F = 2) have separation of ~ 6.834 GHz, and two Raman beams with an 6.8 GHz offset can drive transitions between these hyperfine states of 87 Rb to realize the CAG interferometry scheme.
The authors have used an electromagnetically induced transparency resonance in rubidium as a dispersive reference to lock the relative frequency of two lasers to the atomic ground-state hyperfine splitting. The beat frequency between the two lasers directly generates a microwave signal at 3.036GHz (Rb85) or 6.835GHz (Rb87). High bandwidth (600kHz) feedback was achieved with only low-frequency (10MHz) electronics using the frequency modulation sideband method. The spectral width of the microwave beat frequency was reduced to less than 1kHz. The technique offers a convenient and low-cost method suitable for many topical two-frequency experiments, including coherent population trapping, slow light, lasing without inversion, and Raman sideband cooling.
We describe a tunable two-color CW light source sufficient for realizing a coherent Raman transfer between two molecular states that are more than 0.5 eV (120 THz) apart. The simultaneous frequency stabilization of 901 nm and 655 nm light was achieved by locking diode lasers to a single ultralow expansion cavity with dual wavelengths coating. By utilizing offset-locking and optical phase-locked loop (OPLL), we ensured a large mode-hop free tuning range (> 2 GHz). The obtained short term linewidth (<10 Hz) and the linear drift of frequency (65 mHz/s) were both sufficient to eliminate the influence of laser linewidths on the efficiency of coherent Raman transition.
By optical injection of an 852-nm extended-cavity diode laser (master laser) to lock the + 1-order sideband of a ~9-GHz-current-modulated diode laser (slave laser), we generate a pair of phase-locked lasers with a frequency difference up to ~9-GHz for a cesium (Cs) magneto-optical trap (MOT) with convenient tuning capability. For a cesium MOT, the master laser acts as repumping laser, locked to the Cs 6S₁/₂ (F = 3) - 6P₃/₂ (F' = 4) transition. When the + 1-order sideband of the 8.9536-GHz-current-modulated slave laser is optically injection-locked, the carrier operates on the Cs 6S₁/₂ (F = 4) - 6P₃/₂ (F' = 5) cooling cycle transition with -12 MHz detuning and acts as cooling/trapping laser. When carrying a 9.1926-GHz modulation signal, this phase-locked laser system can be applied in the fields of coherent population trapping and coherent manipulation of Cs atomic ground states.