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Acta Physica Polonica A

Stark-Chirped Rapid Adiabatic Passage in a Multilevel Atom

Milan Radonjić, B. M. Jelenkovic

Published Oct 1, 2009• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We generalize Stark-chirped rapid adiabatic passage to the case of a multilevel atom.The atom is assumed to have two ground state levels g and f and an excited level e.The adiabatic passage is carried out by resonantly driving the g-e and f -e transitions with time-dependent pump and Stokes fields in the presence of strong far-off-resonant Stark field.Our formalism determines the states that participate in population transfer and is applicable to systems with arbitrary numbers of degenerate states in each level and arbitrary couplings of the g-e and f -e transitions.We give an application to adiabatic passage in Rb atom.

DOI
10.12693/aphyspola.116.476

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We generalize Stark-chirped rapid adiabatic passage to the case of a multilevel atom.The atom is assumed to have two ground state levels g and f and an excited level e.The adiabatic passage is carried out by resonantly driving the g-e and f -e transitions with time-dependent pump and Stokes fields in the presence of strong far-off-resonant Stark field.Our formalism determines the states that participate in population transfer and is applicable to systems with arbitrary numbers of degenerate states in each level and arbitrary couplings of the g-e and f -e transitions.We give an application to adiabatic passage in Rb atom.
We show that the technique of Stark-chirped rapid adiabatic passage (SCRAP), hitherto used for complete population transfer between two quantum states, offers a simple and robust method for complete population transfer amongst three states in atoms and molecules. In this case SCRAP uses three laser pulses: a strong far-off-resonant pulse modifies the transition frequencies by inducing dynamic Stark shifts and thereby creating time-dependent level crossings amongst the three diabatic states, while near-resonant and moderately strong pump and Stokes pulses, appropriately offset in time, drive the population between the initial and final states via adiabatic passage. The population transfer efficiency is robust to variations in the intensities of the lasers, as long as these intensities are sufficiently large to enforce adiabatic evolution. With suitable pulse timings the population in the (possibly decaying) intermediate state can be minimized, as with stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP). This technique applies to one-photon as well as multiphoton transitions and it is also applicable to media exhibiting inhomogeneous broadening; these features represent clear advantages over STIRAP by overcoming the inevitable dynamical Stark shifts that accompany multiphoton transitions as well as unwanted detunings, e.g., induced by Doppler shifts.
We present a general formalism for describing stimulated Raman adiabatic passage in a multilevel atom. The atom is assumed to have two ground state manifolds aaa and bbb and an excited state manifold eee, and the adiabatic passage is carried out by resonantly driving the $a\text{\ensuremath{-}}e$ and $b\text{\ensuremath{-}}e$ transitions with time-dependent fields. Our formalism gives a complete description of the adiabatic passage process and can be applied to systems with arbitrary numbers of degenerate states in each manifold and arbitrary couplings of the $a\text{\ensuremath{-}}e$ and $b\text{\ensuremath{-}}e$ transitions. We illustrate the formalism by applying it to both a simple toy model and to adiabatic passage in the cesium atom.
We generalize Stark-chirped rapid adiabatic passage (SCRAP) to the case of two and three degenerate-level manifolds. The analysis of a degenerate-level system is facilitated by its subdivision into a set of smaller independently evolving subsystems corresponding to the minimal-sized invariant subspaces of the Hamiltonian. Population transfer from the starting to the final level is examined for different types of the invariant subspaces depending on the presence of dark states. It is shown that the complete transfer is feasible if the initial state is prepared into specific coherent superpositions. Our formalism is applicable to the general case of arbitrary numbers of degenerate states within each level and arbitrary couplings of the appropriate transitions. It represents a generalization of well-known Morris-Shore transformation to the case when the removed degeneracy of the sublevels leads to detuning from two-photon resonance. We give the application of the SCRAP formalism to the 87Rb^{87}\text{R}\text{b}87Rb atom.
The stark-chirped rapid adiabatic passage (SCRAP) is analyzed, which can give a complete transfer of atomic or molecular population between two bound states in the two level states and Λ(-three)-level state, by means of level-crossing technique and dressed states theory. SCRAP uses two laser pulses: a nearly-resonant pump laser pulse drives the population between a ground state and an excited state, and an intense far-off-resonance Stark laser pulse modifies the transition frequency and resonates with the Bohr transition frequency for two level crossings. A population-transfer maximal efficiency approaching unity is provided from the ground state to the excited state, when the delay of the Stark-shifting pulse with respect to the pulse of the coupling-laser frequency is appropriate and guarantees the pump pulse is strong at one of these crossings and is weak at second one.
Aim The Stark-chirped rapid adiabatic passage(SCRAP) is studied in a Λ-three-level states system.Methods Level-crossing technique and dressed states theory are used.Results SCRAP uses chiefly an intense far off resonance Stark laser pulse,which modifies the transition frequency and resonates with the Bohr transition frequency for two level crossings.Conclusion A population-transfer maximal efficiency approaching unity is provided from the ground state to the excited state,when the delay of the Stark-shifting pulse is strong at one of these crossings and is weak at second one.
We present extended experimental investigations and numerical studies on coherently driven population inversion in a three-state molecular quantum system by sequential double-Stark-chirped rapid adiabatic passage (SCRAP) (D-SCRAP) and three-state-SCRAP (T-SCRAP). D-SCRAP and T-SCRAP are alternative extensions of SCRAP. In D-SCRAP and T-SCRAP, a $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$-type quantum system is coherently driven by two laser pulses, the pump and Stokes pulses, which are slightly detuned from transition frequencies. A third strong laser pulse induces dynamic Stark shifts of the relevant transitions. If the timing of the three pulses is appropriately chosen, the quantum system is prepared to almost complete population inversion between the two lower states in the $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$-type level scheme. The transfer process is robust with regard to fluctuations of experimental parameters, provided some limitations are met. The paper presents convincing experimental data on D-SCRAP and T-SCRAP, driving efficient and selective population transfer to a highly excited vibrational level in nitrous oxide (NO) molecules. T-SCRAP yields transfer efficiencies of up to 95%. The efficiency of T-SCRAP is almost uneffected by the limited lifetime of the intermediate state in the $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ system. The paper also presents data on the accurate experimental determination of Rabi frequencies and Stark shifts. This involves measurements of power broadening, Autler-Townes splittings, and Stark-shifted spectral lines in NO molecules. Moreover, we discuss the calibration of absolute transfer efficiences by comparison with stimulated emission pumping. The experimental data are confirmed by extended numerical simulations. The simulations also serve to intensively study the properties and dynamics of D-SCRAP and T-SCRAP.