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Chinese Physics B

Geometric discord for non-X states

Chen Liu, Yuli Dong, Shiqun Zhu

Published May 30, 2014• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

The level surfaces of geometric discord for a class of two-qubit non-X states are investigated when the Bloch vectors are in arbitrary directions. The level surfaces of constant geometric discord are formed by three intersecting open tubes along three orthogonal directions. When Bloch vectors increase, the tubes along one or two directions shrink towards the center and may either totally disappear or the open tubes may become closed tubes when the Bloch vectors reach a critical value. In the generalized amplitude damping channel, the evolution of geometric discord shows double sudden changes when the parameter γ increases. In the phase damping channel, the freezing phenomenon of geometric discord also exists.

DOI
10.1088/1674-1056/23/6/060307

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The level surfaces of geometric discord for a class of two-qubit non-X states are investigated when the Bloch vectors are in arbitrary directions. The level surfaces of constant geometric discord are formed by three intersecting open tubes along three orthogonal directions. When Bloch vectors increase, the tubes along one or two directions shrink towards the center and may either totally disappear or the open tubes may become closed tubes when the Bloch vectors reach a critical value. In the generalized amplitude damping channel, the evolution of geometric discord shows double sudden changes when the parameter γ increases. In the phase damping channel, the freezing phenomenon of geometric discord also exists.
The level surfaces of quantum discord for a class of two-qubit states are investigated when the Bloch vectors and are perpendicularly oriented. The geometric objects of tetrahedron T and octahedron O are deformed. The level surfaces of constant discord are formed by three interaction "tubes" along three orthogonal directions. They shrink to the center when the Bloch vectors are increased and are expanded and cut off by the state tetrahedron T when the quantum discord is increased. In the phase damping channel, the quantum discord keeps approximately a constant when the time increases.
Several measures of geometric discords have been recently proposed and mostly characterized in qubits. In this work, the dynamics of four measures of geometric discords is studied for two kinds of initial states in the two-qutrit model under environments. It is shown that four indicators can display freezing in Markovian regime and multiple freezing with multiple sudden changes in non-Markovian regime for suitable initial states and model parameters. Moreover, those measures evolve in a similar manner, but they differ from the decaying or increasing rate, the oscillatory amplitude and the time interval of freezing. However, they do not exhibit any freezing for the general Bell states. The dynamical hierarchy is discussed for those indicators. Those are helpful to understand the rich phenomena of discordant dynamics in open qutrits.
The geometric quantum discord of a two-qudit state has been studied in many papers; however, its exact analytical value in the explicit form is known only for a general two-qubit state, a general qubit-qudit state, and some special families of two-qudit states. Based on the general Bloch vectors formalism [E. R. Loubenets et al., J. Phys. A: Math. Theor. 54, 195301 (2021)], we find the explicit exact analytical value of the geometric quantum discord for an arbitrary two-qudit state of any dimension via the parameters of its correlation matrix and the Bloch vectors of its reduced states. This general analytical result includes all the known exact results on the geometric quantum discord only as particular cases and proves rigorously that the lower bound on the geometric discord presented in [S. Rana et al., Phys. Rev. A 85, 024102 (2012)] constitutes its exact value for each two-qudit state. Moreover, our general result allows us to find for an arbitrary two-qudit state, pure or mixed, the upper and lower bounds on its geometric quantum discord, expressed via the Hilbert space characteristics of this state.
We investigate the disappearance of discord in 2- and multi-qubit systems subject to decohering influences. We formulate the computation of quantum discord and quantum geometric discord in terms of the generalized Bloch vector, which gives useful insights on the time evolution of quantum coherence for the open system, particularly the comparison of entanglement and discord. We show that the analytical calculation of the global geometric discord is NP-hard in the number of qubits, but a similar statement for global entropic discord is more difficult to prove. We present an efficient numerical method to calculating the quantum discord for a certain important class of multipartite states. In agreement with previous work for 2-qubit cases (Mazzola et al 2010 Phys. Rev. Lett. 104 200401), we find situations in which there is a sudden transition from classical to quantum decoherence characterized by the discord remaining relatively robust (classical decoherence) until a certain point from where it begins to decay quickly whereas the classical correlation decays more slowly (quantum decoherence). However, we find that as the number of qubits increases, the chance of this kind of transition occurring becomes small.
We study the level surfaces of quantum discord for a class of two-qubit states with parallel nonzero Bloch vectors. The dynamic behavior of quantum discord under decoherence is investigated. It is shown that a class of XXX states has sudden transition between classical and quantum correlations under decoherence. Our results include the ones in M. D. Lang and C. M. Caves [Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 150501 (2010)] as a special case and show new pictures and structures of quantum discord.