We suggest a generic algebraic method to solve non-Hermitian Hamiltonian systems with Lie algebraic linear structure. Such method can not only unify the non-Hermitian Hamiltonian and the Hermitian Hamiltonian with the same structure but also keep self-consistent between similarity transformation and unitary transformation. To clearly reveal the correctness and physical meaning of such algebraic method, we illustrate our method with two different types of non-Hermitian Hamiltonians: the non-Hermitian Hamiltonian with Heisenberg algebraic linear structure and the non-Hermitian Hamiltonian with su(1, 1) algebraic linear structure. We obtain energy eigenvalues and the corresponding eigenstates of non-Hermitian forced harmonic oscillator with Heisenberg algebra structure via a proper similarity transformation. We also calculate the eigen-problems of general non-Hermitian Hamiltonian with su(1, 1) structure in terms of the similarity transformation. As an application, we focus on studying the non-Hermitian single-mode squeezed and coherent harmonic oscillator system and find that such similarity transformation associated with this model is in fact gauge-like transformation for simple harmonic oscillator.
We suggest a generic algebraic method to solve non-Hermitian Hamiltonian systems with Lie algebraic linear structure. Such method can not only unify the non-Hermitian Hamiltonian and the Hermitian Hamiltonian with the same structure but also keep self-consistent between similarity transformation and unitary transformation. To clearly reveal the correctness and physical meaning of such algebraic method, we illustrate our method with two different types of non-Hermitian Hamiltonians: the non-Hermitian Hamiltonian with Heisenberg algebraic linear structure and the non-Hermitian Hamiltonian with su(1, 1) algebraic linear structure. We obtain energy eigenvalues and the corresponding eigenstates of non-Hermitian forced harmonic oscillator with Heisenberg algebra structure via a proper similarity transformation. We also calculate the eigen-problems of general non-Hermitian Hamiltonian with su(1, 1) structure in terms of the similarity transformation. As an application, we focus on studying the non-Hermitian single-mode squeezed and coherent harmonic oscillator system and find that such similarity transformation associated with this model is in fact gauge-like transformation for simple harmonic oscillator.
We propose a unified approach to exactly diagonalize generalized non-Hermitian so(3,2) models. This approach is a series of similarity transformations, which is constructed by some similarity transformation operators associated with su(1,1) and su(2) subalgebras of so(3,2) Lie algebra. During this diagonalization, it is worth noting that a key step is to get rid of the terms Eˆ± and Fˆ± together via the proper similarity transformations first. In this way, exact solutions of the non-Hermitian so(3,2) models are obtained. Meanwhile we give the corresponding eigenstates, which are regarded as Lie algebra so(3,2) coherent-like number states. The results can cover the generic form of the eigenvalues and eigenstates to the generalized non-Hermitian two-mode boson systems with the discrete spectrum, including 2D PT-symmetric and non-PT-symmetric oscillators as the special cases. Also they are true for the Hermitian case.
We analyse a class of non-Hermitian Hamiltonians, which can be expressed in terms of bilinear combinations of generators in the -Lie algebra or their isomorphic su (1, 1)-counterparts. The Hamiltonians are prototypes for solvable models of Lie algebraic type. Demanding a real spectrum and the existence of a well-defined metric, we systematically investigate the constraints these requirements impose on the coupling constants of the model and the parameters in the metric operator. We compute isospectral Hermitian counterparts for some of the original non-Hermitian Hamiltonians. Alternatively, we employ a generalized Bogoliubov transformation, which allows us to compute explicitly real-energy eigenvalue spectra for these type of Hamiltonians, together with their eigenstates. We compare the two approaches.
We show that the non-Hermitian Hamiltonians of the simple harmonic oscillator with [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] symmetries involve a pseudo generalization of the Heisenberg algebra via two pairs of creation and annihilation operators which are [Formula: see text]-pseudo-Hermiticity and [Formula: see text]-anti-pseudo-Hermiticity of each other. The non-unitary Heisenberg algebra is represented by each of the pair of the operators in two different ways. Consequently, the coherent and the squeezed coherent states are calculated in two different approaches. Moreover, it is shown that the approach of Schwinger to construct the su(2), su(1, 1) and sp(4, ℝ) unitary algebras is promoted so that unitary algebras with more linearly dependent number of generators are made.
A convenient method to exactly solve the quantum-nonautonomous systems with non-Hermitian Hamiltonians is proposed. It is shown that a nonadiabatic complete biorthonormal set can be easily obtained by the gauge transformation method in which the algebraic structure of systems has been used. The nonunitary evolution operator is also found by choosing a special gauge function. All auxiliary parameters introduced in the present approach are only determined by some algebraic equations. The dynamics of two quantum-nonautonomous systems ruled by non-Hermitian Hamiltonians, including a two-photon ionization process involving two-state only and a mesoscopic RLC circuit with a source, are treated as the demonstration of our general approach.
Based on the generalized gauge transformation and invariant methods, we study in this work the rigorous solution for non-Hermitian Hamiltonians consisting of SU(1, 1) and SU(2) generators, which describe the harmonic oscillator and a single spin of arbitrary spin value, respectively, in periodically time-dependent fields. A non-Hermitian Hamiltonian with real eigenvalues is called pseudo-Hermitian. Such a Hamiltonian can be converted to a Hermitian one by a similarity transformation. We extend the concept of pseudo-Hermitian Hamiltonians to the time-dependent case. Under the generalized gauge transformation with a time-dependent Hermitian operator, the Hamiltonian becomes Hermitian and time-independent in the new gauge. The rigorous solution, as well as the Berry phase, is obtained by applying the inverse transformation to return to the original gauge. The time-dependent Schrödinger equation is also solved in terms of non-Hermitian invariant operators, which possess conserved real eigenvalues. We derive the time-dependent solutions and corresponding geometric phases by eigenstate expansion of the invariant operators, combined with the time-evolution operator. It is observed that the non-Hermitian coupling constant indeed has an exceptional point Gc(ω) for the SU(2) non-Hermitian Hamiltonian, where all eigenstates are degenerate with zero eigenvalue and the Berry phase diverges. The eigenvalues become complex beyond Gc(ω) . However, the eigenvalues are real within the entire region of coupling constant for the SU(1, 1) system, different from the common belief that the exceptional point must exist in the non-Hermitian Hamiltonian. The classical counterpart of the SU(1, 1) non-Hermitian Hamiltonian is, in fact, a complex function of position-momentum variables. It can be converted to a real function via the generalized gauge transformation, accompanied by a canonical-variable transformation. This process corresponds exactly to the Hermitization procedure of the pseudo-Hermitian Hamiltonian. We obtain the classical Hannay angle for the periodically time-dependent SU(1, 1) pseudo-Hermitian Hamiltonian. The non-adiabatic Hannay angle and the Berry phase satisfy precisely the quantum-classical correspondence, γn(T)=−(n+12)∆Θ .
In this thesis, we study phase-space approximations to quantum dynamics for both Hermitian and non-Hermitian quantum systems, motivated by the need to efficiently describe quantum effects in models that are analytically intractable but admit classical analogues offering insight into their complex behaviour. Such systems arise in diverse areas, include but are not limited to quantum optics, condensed matter, open quantum systems, and quantum technologies. We begin by exploring phase-space approximations for quantum systems governed by the Heisenberg-Weyl algebra. Building on established coherent-state methods, we develop a semiclassical Husimi approximation for non-Hermitian Hamiltonians. This approach reveals that the resulting dynamics comprise the transport of initial Husimi distributions along classical trajectories, overlaid with a time-dependent norm landscape reflecting non-unitary evolution. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this method through several examples, including damped Kerr oscillators and PT-symmetric models, providing a superior approximation for observables compared to standard coherent-state techniques. To generalise these ideas, we develop a unified framework for phase-space approximations that applies across a wide range of algebraic structures. By identifying a set of general criteria, we enable systematic application of the approximation scheme to any quantum system satisfying these conditions. This provides a cohesive theoretical foundation that connects previously distinct results under a common approach. We then apply this framework to both the su2 algebra and non-Lie algebraic bosonic conversion systems. For su2, we analyse two-mode Bose-Hubbard models with various Hamiltonians, demonstrating quantum-classical correspondence and exploring the effects of PT-symmetry. For bosonic conversion systems, we propose coherent states for these non-Lie algebraic structures and derive their associated phase-space geometry, characterised as quantum Kummer shapes with classical counterparts as orbifolds. Our results advance the understanding of quantum-classical correspondence in multi-boson systems beyond traditional Hermitian frameworks and offer practical tools for simulating quantum dynamics in experimentally relevant models.