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Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference

Two-photon processes in faint biphoton field

Matthew C. Stowe, Douglas Jackson, Dmitry Strekalov, Jonathan P. Dowling

Published Jun 25, 2003• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Summary form only given. We report our progress in studying correlation properties of various parametric down conversion sources and in engineering the sources with the desired fourth-order field correlation function. We discuss the experimental manifestation of biphoton initiated two-photon processes in photoelectric effect, photochemical reactions, in optical nonlinear phenomena, as well as their implications for quantum imaging, lithography, and information processing.

DOI
10.1109/qels.2002.1031312

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Summary form only given. We report our progress in studying correlation properties of various parametric down conversion sources and in engineering the sources with the desired fourth-order field correlation function. We discuss the experimental manifestation of biphoton initiated two-photon processes in photoelectric effect, photochemical reactions, in optical nonlinear phenomena, as well as their implications for quantum imaging, lithography, and information processing.
The goal of this research is to determine and study a physical system that will enable a fast and intrinsically two-photon detector, which would be of interest for quantum information and metrology applications. We consider two types of two-photon processes that can be observed using a very faint, but quantum-correlated biphoton field. These are optical up-conversion and an external photoelectric effect. We estimate the correlation enhancement factor for the biphoton light compared to coherent light, report and discuss the preliminary experimental results.
The goal of this research is to determine and study a physical system that will enable a fast and intrinsically two-photon detector, which would be of interest for quantum information and metrology applications. We consider two types of two-photon processes that can be observed using a very faint, but quantum-correlated biphoton field. These are optical up-conversion and an external photoelectric effect. We estimate the correlation enhancement factor for the biphoton light compared to coherent light, report and discuss the preliminary experimental results.
One of the most surprising consequences of quantum mechanics is the entanglement of two or more distance particles. Even though there are still questions regarding the fundamental issues of quantum theory, quantum entanglement has started to play important roles in practical engineering applications such as quantum information processing, quantum metrology, quantum imaging and quantum lithography. Two-photon states have been the most popular entangled states in fundamental and applied research. Using spontaneous parametric down conversion as an example, this review introduces the concept of biphoton wavepacket and emphasizes the very different physics associated with the entangled two-photon system (pure state) and with the `individual' subsystems (statistical mixture). Experimental approaches for Bell state preparation, pumped by continous wave and ultrashort pulse are discussed.
Experimental demonstrations of entangled quantum images produced through parametric down conversion have so far been confined to studying two-photon correlations. Here we show that multiphoton correlations between quantum images are accessible experimentally and exhibit many new features including being sensitive to the phase of the biphoton wave function. As a concrete example, we consider a modification of existing quantum imaging experiments in which the charge-coupled device cameras are moved out of focus, provide detailed analytical predictions for the resulting four-photon interferences, and support these by numerical simulations. The proposed experiment can also be interpreted as entanglement swapping: Bob's photons are initially unentangled, but the joint detection of Alice's photons projects Bob's photons onto an entangled state. The general approach proposed here can be extended to other quantum optics experiments involving high-dimensional entanglement.
Nonlinear optics has had extensive application into a vast array of scientific fields. One such nonlinear process, two-photon absorption (TPA), has had a wildly successful \nadoption into the field of biological imaging and microscopy. As far and as fast as this field is progressing, limitations stemming from the use of ultrafast lasers are starting to appear. \nIn this work, an alternative nonclassical light source will be motivated for the application \nof low photon-flux two-photon microscopy. The origin and properties of the chosen \nnonclassical source, spontaneous parametric downconversion (SPDC), will be discussed along with the spatial and spectral properties modelled. Nonlinear processes such as TPA and sum frequency generation (SFG) will be viewed as "ultrafast coincidence measurements" of two photons arriving at a molecule within the time window of excitation. These ultrafast coincidence measurements will be viewed in an alternative manner: in terms of the second-order coherence from a light source. This degree of second-order coherence can be subdivided into two categories arising from different combinations of correlations within and between entangled photon pairs. Of interest, the energy-time correlations within the photon pair allow for enhancements in ultrafast coincidence rates over coherent light sources. The makings of an experimental setup to demonstrate enhanced rates from ultrafast two-photon coincidences taking place in SFG in a nonlinear crystal will be discussed.
The second-order correlation function which characterizes the quantum correlation between the optical and terahertz photons generated under spontaneous parametric down-conversion has been measured for the first time. A scheme of experiment based on the analysis of analog signals from terahertz and optical detectors has been proposed. Various approaches to exclude the effect of electronic and thermal noise on the measured correlation level have been discussed. The results make it possible to expand quantum optical technologies such as quantum calibration of detectors, fabrication of single-photon sources, and imaging with single-pixel detectors to the terahertz range.