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Il Nuovo cimento della Società italiana di fisica. B/Il Nuovo cimento B

On the first-order phase transition in the laser with saturable absorber

P. Casagrande, Luigi A. Lugiato

Published Dec 1, 1978• 15 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1007/bf02743646

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Lasers with three-level absorbers

Govind Prasad Agrawal

Output characteristics of a traveling-wave monomode laser with an intracavity three-level absorber are investigated. The laser frequency is assumed to be symmetrically detuned from the two ground-state sublevels for a $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$-type transition scheme. It is shown that bistability and hysteresis in the laser output, characteristics of a first-order phase transition, may arise much before the absorber saturates. For this reason, bistability may be observed even if the gain medium saturates faster than the absorber, in contrast with the case of a two-level saturable absorber. The physical mechanism for bistable behavior is coherent population trapping which accumulates all absorbing atoms in the ground-state sublevels with a sharp decrease in absorption.

Physical Review A•Sep 1, 1981•10 citations
The photon-number distributions for a laser with a saturable-absorber and a dye laser are obtained by extensions of the Scully and Lamb optical-maser theory. The results are shown to be in correspondence with those of Lugiato et al. for the saturable-absorber laser and with those of Schaefer and Willis for the dye laser. Moreover, they are in a form which clearly shows the relation between the saturable-absorber laser and the dye laser. The thermodynamic potentials for the first-order phase-transition analogy are calculated and are found to be of the form predicted by Scott, Sargent, and Cantrell using semiclassical equations.
Output characteristics of a traveling-wave monomode laser with an intracavity three-level absorber are investigated. The laser frequency is assumed to be symmetrically detuned from the two ground-state sublevels for a $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$-type transition scheme. It is shown that bistability and hysteresis in the laser output, characteristics of a first-order phase transition, may arise much before the absorber saturates. For this reason, bistability may be observed even if the gain medium saturates faster than the absorber, in contrast with the case of a two-level saturable absorber. The physical mechanism for bistable behavior is coherent population trapping which accumulates all absorbing atoms in the ground-state sublevels with a sharp decrease in absorption.