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Chinese Physics Letters

Quantum Information Transfer Based on Frequency Modes in Circuit QED

Chao-Quan Wang

Published Aug 1, 2012• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

We propose a scheme for implementing quantum information transfer based on frequency modes of microwave photons in a superconducting circuit. In our proposal, quantum information can be encoded on frequency modes of microwave photons, which act as a qubit in the resonator. Operations for the qubit, which is a process involving parametric frequency conversion, can be implemented by adjusting biased-dc superconducting quantum interference (SQUID). The coupling between two resonators can be controlled by tuning the frequency of the LC circuit inserted by a dc SQUID with two Josephson-junctions (2JJ-SQUID). Compared with previous ones, our work can avoid dephasing and decoherence resulting from atom decay. In addition, the resonator which includes multiple photons in two frequency modes can play a role of an identical atomic ensemble, which could lead to photon blockade.

DOI
10.1088/0256-307x/29/8/084209

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We propose a scheme for implementing quantum information transfer based on frequency modes of microwave photons in a superconducting circuit. In our proposal, quantum information can be encoded on frequency modes of microwave photons, which act as a qubit in the resonator. Operations for the qubit, which is a process involving parametric frequency conversion, can be implemented by adjusting biased-dc superconducting quantum interference (SQUID). The coupling between two resonators can be controlled by tuning the frequency of the LC circuit inserted by a dc SQUID with two Josephson-junctions (2JJ-SQUID). Compared with previous ones, our work can avoid dephasing and decoherence resulting from atom decay. In addition, the resonator which includes multiple photons in two frequency modes can play a role of an identical atomic ensemble, which could lead to photon blockade.
We propose a frequency-tunable source to emit entangled microwave photons on the platform of a superconducting circuit, in which two superconducting transmission-line resonators are coupled via a capacitor and one resonator is inserted with a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) in the center. By pumping the circuit appropriately with an external coherent microwave signal through the SQUID, microwave photons are emitted in pairs out of the circuit. The entanglement between the two modes is demonstrated by numerically calculating the second-order coherence function and the logarithmic negativity of the output microwave signals. Due to the tunability of SQUID’s equivalent inductance, the frequencies of the entangled microwave photons can be tuned by an external flux bias in situ. Our proposal paves a new way for obtaining entangled frequency-tunable two-mode microwave photons.
We control the transition frequency of a superconducting flux qubit coupled to a frequency-tunable resonator comprising a direct current superconducting quantum interference device (dc SQUID) by microwave driving. The dc SQUID mediates the coupling between microwave photons in the resonator and a flux qubit. The polarity of the frequency shift depends on the sign of the flux bias for the qubit and can be both positive and negative. The absolute value of the frequency shift becomes larger by increasing the photon number in the resonator. These behaviors are reproduced by a model considering the magnetic interaction between the flux qubit and dc SQUID. The tuning range of the transition frequency of the flux qubit reaches $\ensuremath{\approx}1.9\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{GHz}$. The effect of photon number fluctuation in the resonator to the dephasing rate of the flux qubit is also discussed.
Abstract We propose a superconducting circuit for quantum information processing (QIP) on high-quality (high-Q) superconducting resonators (SRs). In the circuit, two high-Q SRs are coupled to a high-frequency SR (acts as a quantum bus) assisted by superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs) terminate in both ends of the high-frequency resonator. Each coupling strength between each high-Q resonator and the high-frequency resonator can be tuned independently from zero to the strong-coupling regime via the external flux threading through the SQUID. In the circuit, the frequencies of the two high-Q resonators are far detuned from the high-frequency resonator. That is, quantum information stored in high-Q resonators cannot be populated in the high-frequency resonator, which lets the bus can be designed to link lots of high-Q resonators for the large-scale QIP. To show the circuit can be used to achieve the QIP, we present a high-fidelity scheme to generate Bell state on the two high-Q resonators. The scheme shows that, to achieve the entanglement operation on high-Q resonators, fast tuning on the coupling is no longer mandatory and the coupling strengths are not required to be turned on or off simultaneously.
We study a superconducting circuit that can act as a toolbox to generate various Bogoliubov linear and nonlinear quantum operations on the microwave photon modes of superconducting resonators within one single circuit. The quantum operations are generated by exploring dispersive four-wave mixing (FWM) processes involving the resonator modes. Different FWM geometries can be realized by adjusting the circuit parameters and by applying appropriate microwave drivings. We illustrate this scheme using a circuit made of two superconducting qubits that couple with each other. Each qubit couples with one superconducting resonator. We also discuss main sources of quantum errors in this system and study the fidelity of the quantum operations by numerical simulation. Our scheme provides a practical approach to realize quantum information protocols on superconducting resonators.
Single-photon devices at microwave frequencies are important for applications in quantum information processing and communication in the microwave regime. In this work we describe a proposal of a multioutput single-photon device. We consider two superconducting resonators coupled to a gap-tunable qubit via both its longitudinal and transverse degrees of freedom. Thus, this qubit-resonator coupling differs from the coupling in standard circuit quantum-electrodynamic systems described by the Jaynes-Cummings model. We demonstrate that an effective quadratic coupling between one of the normal modes and the qubit can be induced and this induced second-order nonlinearity is much larger than that for conventional Kerr-type systems exhibiting photon blockade. Assuming that a coupled normal mode is resonantly driven, we observe that the output fields from the resonators exhibit strong sub-Poissonian photon-number statistics and photon antibunching. Contrary to previous studies on resonant photon blockade, the first-excited state of our device is a pure single-photon Fock state rather than a polariton state, i.e., a highly hybridized qubit-photon state. In addition, it is found that the optical state truncation caused by the strong qubit-induced nonlinearity can lead to an entanglement between the two resonators, even in their steady state under the Markov approximation.
The research reported here details experimental progress toward future superconductor-based quantum computing technologies. Specifically, we present techniques for moving quantum information between various cavity resonators -- spatially as well as between frequencies. Rather than using traditional resonant coupling though, we induce non-resonant coupling through parametric frequency conversion. This technology is mediated by chip-based, micro-fabricated, Josephson Junction circuits.\nParametric processes have the advantage over traditional coupling by allowing the constituents of the system -- for example: cavity modes or qubits -- to remain fixed in frequency, tuned to their optimal operation frequency, thereby avoiding unwanted resonant interactions. As the number of constituents grows -- as quantum computing architectures expand to more and more bits -- these techniques will become necessary to optimize performance.\nOutside of the focus on quantum computation, these techniques have wide application for materials research, quantum optics, and extending traditionally optical-frequency experiments to microwave-frequencies. To that end, we demonstrate a hybrid quantum technology which expands the toolbox of superconducting quantum information to a new system, namely sapphire whispering gallery mode resonators. These resonators have been studied in the optical frequency domain, but here we demonstrate their usefulness at microwave frequencies.\nAll of the experiments in this dissertation should be considered proof-of-principle demonstrations of a future technology. Thus, we note when and where improvements for future devices will be necessary.