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Lecture notes in computer science

Obtaining True-Random Binary Numbers from a Weak Radioactive Source

Ammar Alkassar, Thomas Nicolay, Markus Rohe

Published Jan 1, 2005• 24 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1007/11424826_67

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Efficient and reliable Random Number Generator (RNG) are increasingly demanded in cryptographic applications, such as on-the-fly data encription/decription and as a general tool for data protection. Main requirement of RNG is a true randomness, which is achievable by means of physical randomness sources only. A True-RNG based on two independent Stochastic Processes (SP) is presented and discussed. As primary randomness sources, two radioactive decay processes are used. A radioactive source has many advantages over others noise sources, since the decay rate of any nuclide does not depend on temperature, chemical composition, physical state, environmental conditions, and aging. In addition, in U ore for example, the various nuclides are, at very good approximation, at equilibrium in the decay chain, so that many stationary independent SP's with the same statistics can be simply obtained by detecting and selectively routing, e.g. by pulse amplitude sorting, gamma rays of different energy emitted by different nuclides in the decay chain. Simulation is performed by a numerical code. The random bit stream obtained is tested for randomness by the NIST test suite, and results are shown. A hardware implementation of the system is also presented.
A simple experimental setup to produce true random numbers is described. The experiment involves measuring successive times between decays of a radioactive source. We discuss two different ways of comparing these times: one that generates a string of random zeros and ones, and another that produces numbers derivable from the permutation group. It is shown that the methods used in the experiment produce the same results for any random process and can therefore be used as a test for randomness in other physical systems.
The true random binary sequence generator provides a secure, non-reproducible source of true random binary sequences for applications with strong security requirements, such as for generating encryption keys and for secure communications. In this paper we present a realization of true random binary sequence generator. Thermal noise found in chaotic physical system is used as a source of true randomness. NIST tests for verification of randomness are applied. Some experimental results are presented.