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Springer series in optical sciences/SPringer series in optical sciences

Precision Studies in 3-Level Systems

Bruce W. Peuse, Robert E. Tench, Philip Hemmer, John E. Thomas, Shaoul Ezekiel

Published Jan 1, 1981• 0 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1007/978-3-540-38804-3_39

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In a direct two-level qubit system, when the Rabi frequency is comparable to the resonance frequency, the rotating wave approximation is not appropriate. In this case, the Rabi oscillation is accompanied by another oscillation at twice the frequency of the driving field, the so called Bloch-Siegert oscillation (BSO), which depends on the initial phase of the driving field. This oscillation may restrict the precise rotation of a qubit made of direct two-level system. Here, we show that in case of an effectively two-level lambda system, the BSO is inherently negligible, implying a greater precision for rotation of a qubit made of such a lambda system when compared to a direct two-level qubit in a strong driving field.
Level crossings, where two quantum energy levels intersect, are ubiquitous in quantum systems and play a central role in controlling quantum dynamics. In this study, we establish a framework that connects these level crossing structures to the ultimate precision limits of quantum metrology. By analyzing a Hamiltonian with the level crossings structure, we identify the conditions under which multiple parameters can be estimated simultaneously with maximal sensitivity near the level crossing point. We then construct a resource efficient sensing protocol based on unitary quench dynamics and Bayesian estimation, enabling high precision, low cost parameter estimation without requiring entanglement or complex control. We present a protocol whose estimation precision saturates the Holevo Cramer Rao bound, the tightest achievable precision bound in multi parameter estimation. Using the two level model and the two spin Ising model as illustrative examples, we demonstrate how the protocol can be applied to a system with level crossing Hamiltonian structure. Our findings reveal that level crossings serve as universal operating points for precision quantum metrology, offering a simple and scalable path toward practical multi parameter sensing across diverse quantum platforms.
High-precision birefringence detection is crucial in many fundamental and applied research fields such as chirality detection, optical clocks and quantum information. Although numerous techniques have been demonstrated to detect birefringence in optical materials, the current detection precision typically remains at 10−8. Here we introduce a different physical mechanism for birefringence detection in the classical regime, achieving an accuracy at the 10−11 level. Our technique uses an effective photonic two-level system, dynamically driven by a birefringence-sensitive synthetic magnetic field created by propagation-invariant spin-orbit-coupled structured light in the subwavelength regime. The magnetic field equivalent induces the Rabi oscillation of photonic state, manifested as a nontrivial periodic spin-orbital angular momentum conversion. The ultrahigh detection precision arises from high-birefringence-sensitive topological transition between different oscillatory modes with high Rabi frequencies. The detection precision is tunable by controlling envelope size of structured light at the subwavelength scale. Our technique benefits a broad range of applications involving optical birefringence. The authors demonstrate that high-precision birefringence detection at the 10−11 level can be achieved using spin-orbit-coupled Rabi oscillations in a photonic two-level system. The presented detection technique benefits a broad range of applications involving optical birefringence such as precise control of the entangled photonic states.