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Non-classicality indicators and extremal quantum correlations in two-qubit states

Davide Girolami, Mauro Paternostro, Gerardo Adesso

Published Aug 24, 2010• 2 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen’s University, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom(Dated: August 22, 2010)We investigate quantum correlations versus global von Neumann entropy, focusing explicitly on two-qubitstates. We establish a hierarchy of non-classicality indicators, showing that the measurement-induced distur-bance (MID) defined in [S. Luo, Phys. Rev. A, 77, 022301 (2008)] can be non-null and even maximal on“classical” states. We thus consider an ameliorated versio n of MID, optimized over all local measurements, andderive its expression for general two-qubit states. We thenstudy the analytical relation between amelioratedMID and quantum discord, characterizing the maximally non-classical two-qubit mixed states that simultane-ously extremize both such non-classicality quantifiers at given von Neumann entropy.

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School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen’s University, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom(Dated: August 22, 2010)We investigate quantum correlations versus global von Neumann entropy, focusing explicitly on two-qubitstates. We establish a hierarchy of non-classicality indicators, showing that the measurement-induced distur-bance (MID) defined in [S. Luo, Phys. Rev. A, 77, 022301 (2008)] can be non-null and even maximal on“classical” states. We thus consider an ameliorated versio n of MID, optimized over all local measurements, andderive its expression for general two-qubit states. We thenstudy the analytical relation between amelioratedMID and quantum discord, characterizing the maximally non-classical two-qubit mixed states that simultane-ously extremize both such non-classicality quantifiers at given von Neumann entropy.
The state disturbance induced by locally measuring a quantum system yields a signature of nonclassical correlations beyond entanglement. Here, we present a detailed study of such correlations for two-qubit mixed states. To overcome the asymmetry of quantum discord and the unfaithfulness of measurement-induced disturbance (severely overestimating quantum correlations), we propose an ameliorated measurement-induced disturbance as nonclassicality indicator, optimized over joint local measurements, and we derive its closed expression for relevant two-qubit states. We study its analytical relation with discord, and characterize the maximally quantum-correlated mixed states, that simultaneously extremize both quantifiers at given von Neumann entropy: among all two-qubit states, these states possess the most robust quantum correlations against noise.
In this paper, two conjectures which were proposed in Luo et al (2010 Phys. Rev. A 82 052122 ) on the correlations in a bipartite state ρ AB are studied. If the mutual information I (ρ AB ) between two quantum systems A and B before any measurement is considered as the total amount of correlations in the state ρ AB , then it can be separated into two parts: classical correlations and quantum correlations. The so-called classical correlations C (ρ AB ) in the state ρ AB are defined by the maximizing mutual information between two quantum systems A and B after von Neumann measurements on system B . We show that it is upper bounded by the von Neumann entropies of both subsystems A and B , which answered the conjecture on the classical correlation. If the quantum correlations Q (ρ AB ) in the state ρ AB are defined by Q (ρ AB ) = I (ρ AB ) − C (ρ AB ), we also show that it is upper bounded by the von Neumann entropy of subsystem B . It is also found that Q (ρ AB ) is upper bounded by the von Neumann entropy of subsystem A for a class of states.
Quantum correlations in a family of two-qubit separable classical-quantum correlated states are intensively studied with four different approaches, namely, quantum discord [Phys. Rev. Lett. 88 (2002) 017901], measurement-induced disturbance (MID) [ Phys. Rev. A 77 (2008) 022301 ], ameliorated MID [ J. Phys. A: Math. Theor. 44 (2011) 352002 ] and quantum dissonance [ Phys. Rev. Lett. 104 (2010) 080501 ]. Quantum correlations captured with different approaches are compared and discussed so that their three distinct features are exposed.
Quantum correlations characterized by quantum entanglement and quantum discord play important roles in many quantum information processing. We study the relations among the entanglement of formation, concurrence, tangle, linear entropy-based classical correlation and von Neumann entropy-based classical correlation . We present analytical formulae of linear entropy-based classical correlation for arbitrary d⊗2d\otimes 2d⊗2 quantum states and von Neumann entropy-based classical correlation for arbitrary 2⊗22\otimes 22⊗2 rank-2 quantum states. From the von Neumann entropy-based classical correlation, we derive an explicit formula of quantum discord for arbitrary rank-2 two-qubit quantum states.
Quantum correlations in a family of bipartite separable qubit-qutrit quantum-classical correlated states are investigated by using two popular measures, i.e., the original quantum discord (OQD) method by Ollivier and Zurek [ Phys. Rev. Lett. 88 (2001) 017901 ] and the measurement-induced disturbance (MID) method by Luo [ Phys. Rev. A 77 (2008) 022301 ]. It is found that both of them are functions of a parameter partially characterizing the concerned states, however, quantum correlations evaluated via the convenient MID method are somewhat overestimated.