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The European Physical Journal D

Efficient conversion of ultracold Feshbach-resonance-related polar molecules into ultracold ground state (X $\mathsf{^{1}\Sigma^ + }$ $\mathsf{v = 0}$ , $\mathsf{J = 0}$ ) molecules

William C. Stwalley

Published Nov 1, 2004• 84 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1140/epjd/e2004-00147-6

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Abstract Scattering resonances are an essential tool for controlling the interactions of ultracold atoms and molecules. However, conventional Feshbach scattering resonances 1 , which have been extensively studied in various platforms 1–7 , are not expected to exist in most ultracold polar molecules because of the fast loss that occurs when two molecules approach at a close distance 8–10 . Here we demonstrate a new type of scattering resonance that is universal for a wide range of polar molecules. The so-called field-linked resonances 11–14 occur in the scattering of microwave-dressed molecules because of stable macroscopic tetramer states in the intermolecular potential. We identify two resonances between ultracold ground-state sodium–potassium molecules and use the microwave frequencies and polarizations to tune the inelastic collision rate by three orders of magnitude, from the unitary limit to well below the universal regime. The field-linked resonance provides a tuning knob to independently control the elastic contact interaction and the dipole–dipole interaction, which we observe as a modification in the thermalization rate. Our result provides a general strategy for resonant scattering between ultracold polar molecules, which paves the way for realizing dipolar superfluids 15 and molecular supersolids 16 , as well as assembling ultracold polyatomic molecules.

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Efficient conversion of ultracold Feshbach-resonance-related polar molecules into ultracold ground state (X 1Σ+\mathsf{^{1}\Sigma^ + }1Σ+ v=0\mathsf{v = 0}v=0 , J=0\mathsf{J = 0}J=0 ) molecules
We propose a mechanism to produce ultracold polar molecules with microwave fields. It converts trapped ultracold atoms into vibrationally excited molecules by a single microwave transition and entirely depends on the existence of a permanent dipole moment in the molecules. As opposed to production of molecules by photoassociation or magnetic-field Feshbach resonances, our method does not rely on properties of excited states or existence of Feshbach resonances. We determine conditions for optimal creation of polar molecules in vibrationally excited states of the ground-state potential by changing frequency and intensity of the microwave field. We also explore the possibility to produce vibrationally cold molecules by combining the microwave field with an optical Raman transition or by applying a microwave field to Feshbach molecules. The production mechanism is illustrated for KRb and RbCs.
Abstract Scattering resonances are an essential tool for controlling the interactions of ultracold atoms and molecules. However, conventional Feshbach scattering resonances 1 , which have been extensively studied in various platforms 1–7 , are not expected to exist in most ultracold polar molecules because of the fast loss that occurs when two molecules approach at a close distance 8–10 . Here we demonstrate a new type of scattering resonance that is universal for a wide range of polar molecules. The so-called field-linked resonances 11–14 occur in the scattering of microwave-dressed molecules because of stable macroscopic tetramer states in the intermolecular potential. We identify two resonances between ultracold ground-state sodium–potassium molecules and use the microwave frequencies and polarizations to tune the inelastic collision rate by three orders of magnitude, from the unitary limit to well below the universal regime. The field-linked resonance provides a tuning knob to independently control the elastic contact interaction and the dipole–dipole interaction, which we observe as a modification in the thermalization rate. Our result provides a general strategy for resonant scattering between ultracold polar molecules, which paves the way for realizing dipolar superfluids 15 and molecular supersolids 16 , as well as assembling ultracold polyatomic molecules.