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Nuovo cimento della Società italiana di fisica. A, Nuclei, particles and fields

Relativistic quantum mechanics: A space-time formalism for spin-zero particles

R. E. Collins, John R. Fanchi

Published Dec 1, 1978• 45 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1007/bf02781599

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Here the probability density of relativistic particles coordinates, satisfying the formal conditions of the quantum mechanics and the special relativity, is determined (under textbooks view, such density does not exist). It is specified for the boson, neutral and charged, scalar and vector, including the photon, the electron. Uniqueness of this design has been proved. This is a relativistic invariant, describing the probability of the particle observation in points of space-time. The time is deprived of his role of a dynamic parameter of distribution and formally equalized with other coordinates. Also the meaning of the energy-momentum distribution is clarified. Conditions of such distributions observation are described. As applied to the quantum field these structures are transformed into new characteristics of particles distribution in space-time in addition to those for momentum states. Their operators for free fields are obtained. Under such model the Heisenberg's uncertainty relations are grounded for the relativistic particle; both particles and antiparticles turn out to be different states of a single particle; vacuum state of boson quantum field has zero energy.
A process model of quantum mechanics utilizes a combinatorial game to generate a discrete and finite causal space upon which can be defined a self-consistent quantum mechanics. An emergent space-time and continuous wave function arise through a uniform interpolation process. Standard non-relativistic quantum mechanics (at least for integer spin particles) emerges under the limit of infinite information (the causal space grows to infinity) and infinitesimal scale (the separation between points goes to zero). This model is quasi-local, discontinuous, and quasi-non-contextual. The bridge between process and wave function is through the process covering map, which reveals that the standard wave function formalism lacks important dynamical information related to the generation of the causal space. Reformulating several classical conundrums such as wave particle duality, Schrodinger's cat, hidden variable results, the model offers potential resolutions to all, while retaining a high degree of locality and contextuality at the local level, yet nonlocality and contextuality at the emergent level. The model remains computationally powerful.
Abstract The problem of a particle in a box is probably the simplest problem in quantum mechanics which allows for significant insight into the nature of quantum systems and thus is a cornerstone in the teaching of quantum mechanics. In relativistic quantum mechanics this problem allows also to highlight the implications of special relativity for quantum physics, namely the effect that spin has on the quantised energy spectra. To illustrate this point, we solve the problem of a spin zero relativistic particle in a one- and three-dimensional box using the Klein–Gordon equation in the Feshbach–Villars formalism. We compare the solutions and the energy spectra obtained with the corresponding ones from the Dirac equation for a spin one-half relativistic particle. We note the similarities and differences, in particular the spin effects in the relativistic energy spectrum. As expected, the non-relativistic limit is the same for both kinds of particles, since, for a particle in a box, the spin contribution to the energy is a relativistic effect.