In this paper, a new quantum mechanical method to extract energy from black holes with contracting horizons is proposed. The method is based on a gedanken experiment on quantum energy teleportation, which has been recently proposed in quantum information theory. We consider this quantum energy teleportation protocol for $N$ massless fields in near-horizon regions of large-mass black holes with near-horizon geometry described by the Minkowski metric. For each field, a two-level spin is strongly coupled with the local quantum fluctuation outside the horizon during a short time period. After the measurement of $N$ fields, $N$ -bit information is obtained. During the measurement, positive-energy wave packets of the fields form and then fall into the black hole. The amount of excitation energy is independent of the measurement result. After absorption of the wave packets and increase of the black-hole mass, a measurement-result-dependent local operation of the $N$ fields is performed outside the horizon. Then, accompanying the extraction of positive energy from the quantum fluctuation by the operation, negative-energy wave packets of the fields form and then fall into the black hole, decreasing the black-hole mass. This implies that a part of the absorbed positive energy emitted from the measurement devices is effectively retrieved from the black hole via the measurement results.In this paper, a new quantum mechanical method to extract energy from black holes with contracting horizons is proposed. The method is based on a gedanken experiment on quantum energy teleportation, which has been recently proposed in quantum information theory. We consider this quantum energy teleportation protocol for $N$ massless fields in near-horizon regions of large-mass black holes with near-horizon geometry described by the Minkowski metric. For each field, a two-level spin is strongly coupled with the local quantum fluctuation outside the horizon during a short time period. After the measurement of $N$ fields, $N$-bit information is obtained. During the measurement, positive-energy wave packets of the fields form and then fall into the black hole. The amount of excitation energy is independent of the measurement result. After absorption of the wave packets and increase of the black-hole mass, a measurement-result-dependent local operation of the $N$ fields is performed outside the horizon. Then, accompanying the extraction of positive energy from the quantum fluctuation by the operation, negative-energy wave packets of the fields form and then fall into the black hole, decreasing the black-hole mass. This implies that a part of the absorbed positive energy emitted from the measurement devices is effectively retrieved from the black hole via the measurement results.

arXiv:0907.1378Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fieldsFeb 16, 201040 citations

POSSIBILITIES FOR QUANTUM INFORMATION PROCESSING

Štěpán Holub

Springer eBooksMay 16, 20070 citations

Realizing the Potential of Quantum Information Processing

Michael Brooks

Springer eBooksJan 1, 19990 citations

Genuine N-partite entanglement in Schwarzschild-de Sitter black hole spacetime

Shu-Min Wu, Xiao-Wei Teng, Xiao-Li Huang +1 more

Abstract Complex quantum information tasks in a gravitational background require multipartite entanglement for effective processing. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the properties of multipartite entanglement in a relativistic setting. In this paper, we study genuine N-partite entanglement of massless Dirac fields in the Schwarzschild-de Sitter (SdS) spacetime, characterized by the presence of a black hole event horizon (BEH) and a cosmological event horizon (CEH). We obtain the general analytical expression of genuine N-partite entanglement shared by n observers near BEH and m ( $n+m=N$ n + m = N ) observers near CEH. It is shown that genuine N-partite entanglement monotonically decreases with the decrease of the mass of the black hole, suggesting that the Hawking effect of the black hole destroys quantum entanglement. It is interesting to note that genuine N-partite entanglement is a non-monotonic function of the cosmological constant, meaning that the Hawking effect of the expanding universe can enhance quantum entanglement. This result contrasts with multipartite entanglement in single-event horizon spacetime, offering a new perspective on the Hawking effect in multi-event horizon spacetime.Abstract Complex quantum information tasks in a gravitational background require multipartite entanglement for effective processing. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the properties of multipartite entanglement in a relativistic setting. In this paper, we study genuine N-partite entanglement of massless Dirac fields in the Schwarzschild-de Sitter (SdS) spacetime, characterized by the presence of a black hole event horizon (BEH) and a cosmological event horizon (CEH). We obtain the general analytical expression of genuine N-partite entanglement shared by n observers near BEH and m ( $$n+m=N$$ n + m = N ) observers near CEH. It is shown that genuine N-partite entanglement monotonically decreases with the decrease of the mass of the black hole, suggesting that the Hawking effect of the black hole destroys quantum entanglement. It is interesting to note that genuine N-partite entanglement is a non-monotonic function of the cosmological constant, meaning that the Hawking effect of the expanding universe can enhance quantum entanglement. This result contrasts with multipartite entanglement in single-event horizon spacetime, offering a new perspective on the Hawking effect in multi-event horizon spacetime.

arXiv:2403.11476The European Physical Journal CNov 27, 20243 citations

Is quantum entanglement invariant in special relativity?

Doyeol Ahn, H. J. Lee, Sung Woo Hwang +1 more

Quantum entanglements are of fundamental importance in quantum physics ranging from the quantum information processing to the physics of black hole. Here, we show that the quantum entanglement is not invariant in special relativity. This suggests that nearly all aspects of quantum information processing would be affected significantly when relativistic effects are considered because present schemes are based on the general assumption that entanglement is invariant. There should be additional protocols to compensate the variances of entanglement in in quantum information processing. Furthermore, extending our results to general relativity may provide clues to the fate of the information contained in an entangled Hawking pair inside and outside the event horizon as black hole evaporates.Quantum entanglements are of fundamental importance in quantum physics ranging from the quantum information processing to the physics of black hole. Here, we show that the quantum entanglement is not invariant in special relativity. This suggests that nearly all aspects of quantum information processing would be affected significantly when relativistic effects are considered because present schemes are based on the general assumption that entanglement is invariant. There should be additional protocols to compensate the variances of entanglement in in quantum information processing. Furthermore, extending our results to general relativity may provide clues to the fate of the information contained in an entangled Hawking pair inside and outside the event horizon as black hole evaporates.

arXiv:quant-ph/0304119Apr 17, 20032 citations

On the nature of entangling photons in horizon-induced decoherence

Max Joseph Fahn, Alessandro Pesci

Recently, it was discussed how the presence of a Killing horizon induces decoherence on a quantum system in a superposition of states. Focusing on the case of an electrically-charged system with superposed positions, this would happen due to ``entangling'' photons crossing the horizon while carrying information on the superposition. Purpose of this essay is to investigate this process in connection with black hole thermodynamics and the ensuing entropy bounds. We show that an apparent tension arising with the latter is resolved provided the entangling photons, expressing a modification of the field at, as well as inside the horizon, do not give rise to a flux across it. The storage of information in this field, not retrievable from an outside observer, causes the superposition to decohere.Recently, it was discussed how the presence of a Killing horizon induces decoherence on a quantum system in a superposition of states. Focusing on the case of an electrically-charged system with superposed positions, this would happen due to ``entangling'' photons crossing the horizon while carrying information on the superposition. Purpose of this essay is to investigate this process in connection with black hole thermodynamics and the ensuing entropy bounds. We show that an apparent tension arising with the latter is resolved provided the entangling photons, expressing a modification of the field at, as well as inside the horizon, do not give rise to a flux across it. The storage of information in this field, not retrievable from an outside observer, causes the superposition to decohere.

gr-qcCross-listedarXiv:2605.19588May 20, 20260 citations

N

massless fields in near-horizon regions of large-mass black holes with near-horizon geometry described by the Minkowski metric. For each field, a two-level spin is strongly coupled with the local quantum fluctuation outside the horizon during a short time period. After the measurement of

N

fields,

N

-bit information is obtained. During the measurement, positive-energy wave packets of the fields form and then fall into the black hole. The amount of excitation energy is independent of the measurement result. After absorption of the wave packets and increase of the black-hole mass, a measurement-result-dependent local operation of the

N

fields is performed outside the horizon. Then, accompanying the extraction of positive energy from the quantum fluctuation by the operation, negative-energy wave packets of the fields form and then fall into the black hole, decreasing the black-hole mass. This implies that a part of the absorbed positive energy emitted from the measurement devices is effectively retrieved from the black hole via the measurement results.

n+m=N

n + m = N ) observers near CEH. It is shown that genuine N-partite entanglement monotonically decreases with the decrease of the mass of the black hole, suggesting that the Hawking effect of the black hole destroys quantum entanglement. It is interesting to note that genuine N-partite entanglement is a non-monotonic function of the cosmological constant, meaning that the Hawking effect of the expanding universe can enhance quantum entanglement. This result contrasts with multipartite entanglement in single-event horizon spacetime, offering a new perspective on the Hawking effect in multi-event horizon spacetime.