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European Quantum Electronics Conference (EQEC)

Generation and tomographic analysis of novel quantum light states

Alessandro Zavatta, Silvia Viciani, Valentina Parigi, Marco Bellini

Published Jan 18, 2006• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Conditional preparation in the process of parametric down-conversion and an ultrafast time-domain homodyne tomography technique have been used for the generation and the complete analysis of novel quantum states of light.
DOI
10.1109/eqec.2005.1567416

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A single-photon Fock state has been generated by means of conditional preparation from a two-photon state emitted in the process of spontaneous parametric down-conversion. A recently developed high-frequency homodyne tomography technique has been used to completely characterize the Fock state by means of a pulse-to-pulse analysis of the detectors' difference photocurrent. The density matrix elements of the generated state have been retrieved with a final detection efficiency of about 57%. A comparison has been performed between the phase-averaged tomographic reconstructions of the Wigner function as obtained from the measured density-matrix elements and from a direct Abel transform of the homodyne data. The ability of our system to work at the full repetition rate of the pulsed laser (82MHz)(82\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{MHz})(82MHz) substantially simplifies the detection scheme, allowing for more ``exotic'' quantum states to be generated and analyzed.
When a single quantum of electromagnetic field excitation is added to the same spatiotemporal mode of a coherent state, a new field state is generated that exhibits intermediate properties between those of the two parents. Such a single-photon-added coherent state is obtained by the action of the photon creation operator on a coherent state and can thus be regarded as the result of the most elementary excitation process of a classical light field. Here we present and describe in depth the experimental realization of such states and their complete analysis by means of a novel ultrafast, time-domain, quantum homodyne tomography technique clearly revealing their nonclassical character.
Abstract Recent progress in ultrafast optics facilitates the investigation of the dynamics of highly multimode quantum states of light. Yet, the complete tomographic reconstruction of optical quantum states with prior unknown statistics and dynamics is still challenging, since state-of-the-art tomographic methods require the measurement of orthogonal and distinguishable modes. Here, we propose a tomography scheme based on time-domain quadrature correlation measurements and theoretically demonstrate its ability to reconstruct highly multimode Gaussian states. In contrast to (eight-port) homodyne detection, the two local oscillator pulses are shorter in time and are (independently) time-delayed against the pulsed quantum state. The distinguishable mode structure is obtained in post-processing from the correlation measurement data by orthogonalization. We show that the number of reconstructable modes increases with the number of time delays used and decreases with the temporal extent of the local oscillator. Additionally, we compare dual-pulse homodyne detection and electro-optic sampling. By analysing the (quantum) correlations present in the measurement data, we show how thermalisation of the quantum state during detection leads to the requirement of correlation measurements. Furthermore, we open an avenue to extending our tomography scheme to non-Gaussian states.