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Chinese Physics Letters

High-Capacity Quantum Secure Communication with Authentication Using Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen Pairs

Min Xiao, Hongwei Xu

Published May 1, 2015• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A new protocol for quantum secure communication with authentication is proposed. The proposed protocol has a higher capacity as each EPR pair can carry four classical bits by the XOR operation and an auxiliary photon. The security and efficiency are analyzed in detail and the major advantage of this protocol is that it is more efficient without losing security.

DOI
10.1088/0256-307x/32/5/050301

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A new protocol for quantum secure communication with authentication is proposed. The proposed protocol has a higher capacity as each EPR pair can carry four classical bits by the XOR operation and an auxiliary photon. The security and efficiency are analyzed in detail and the major advantage of this protocol is that it is more efficient without losing security.
In this paper an efficient quantum secure direct communication (QSDC) scheme with authentication is presented, which is based on quantum entanglement and polarized single photons. The present protocol uses Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen (EPR) pairs and polarized single photons in batches. A particle of the EPR pairs is retained in the sender's station, and the other is transmitted forth and back between the sender and the receiver, similar to the ``ping–pong'' QSDC protocol. According to the shared information beforehand, these two kinds of quantum states are mixed and then transmitted via a quantum channel. The EPR pairs are used to transmit secret messages and the polarized single photons used for authentication and eavesdropping check. Consequently, because of the dual contributions of the polarized single photons, no classical information is needed. The intrinsic efficiency and total efficiency are both 1 in this scheme as almost all of the instances are useful and each EPR pair can be used to carry two bits of information.
In this paper, we propose a quantum secure direct communication (QSDC) protocol based on Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen (EPR) pairs. Previous QSDC protocols usually consume one EPR pair to transmit a single qubit. If Alice wants to transmit an n-bit message, she needs at least n/2 EPR pairs when a dense coding scheme is used. In our protocol, if both Alice and Bob preshare 2c + 1 EPR pairs with the trusted server, where c is a constant, Alice can transmit an arbitrary number of qubits to Bob. The 2c EPR pairs are used by Alice and Bob to authenticate each other and the remaining EPR pair is used to encode and decode the message qubit. Thus the total number of EPR pairs used for one communication is a constant no matter how many bits will be transmitted. It is not necessary to transmit EPR pairs before transmitting the secret message except for the preshared constant number of EPR pairs. This reduces both the utilization of the quantum channel and the risk. In addition, after the authentication, the server is not involved in the message transmission. Thus we can prevent the server from knowing the message.
An efficient quantum secure direct communication network protocol with the two-step scheme is proposed by using the Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen (EPR) pair block as the quantum information carrier. The server, say Alice, prepares and measures the EPR pairs in the quantum communication and the users perform the four local unitary operations to encode their message. Anyone of the legitimate users can communicate another one on the network securely. Since almost all of the instances in this scheme are useful and each EPR pair can carry two bits of information, the efficiency for qubits and the source capacity both approach the maximal values.
A quantum authentication protocol is presented in this paper. It is based on the correlations of the EPR(Einstain- Podolski-Rosen) pair which is a two-qubit system in one of the four Bell states. The two parties share a sequence of EPR pairs as the authentication key. To authenticate each other, they need to create auxiliary particles and make them interact with the authentication key. Then one can affirm the other's identity by performing the Bell states measure- ment. No one without the authentication key can pass the authentication process. So the protocol is secure. No clas- sical channel and classical information exchange is needed in the authentication process. After the authentication pro- cess, the authentication key can be turned into the origin state. So the authentication key can be reused.