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Acta Physica Polonica A

Application of Contractor Renormalization Group to the Heisenberg Zig-Zag and the Hubbard Chain

Krzysztof Cichy, Piotr Tomczak

Published May 1, 2007• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

The contractor renormalization group method was devised in 1994 by Morningstar and Weinstein.It was primarily aimed at extracting the physics of lattice quantum field theories (like lattice quantum chromodynamics).However, it is a general method of analyzing Hamiltonian lattice systems, e.g.Ising, Heisenberg or Hubbard models.The aim of this work is to show the application of contractor renormalization group method to one-dimensional quantum systems -the Heisenberg zig-zag model and the Hubbard chain.As a test of the method, the ground state energy of these systems will be calculated.

DOI
10.12693/aphyspola.111.773

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The contractor renormalization group method was devised in 1994 by Morningstar and Weinstein.It was primarily aimed at extracting the physics of lattice quantum field theories (like lattice quantum chromodynamics).However, it is a general method of analyzing Hamiltonian lattice systems, e.g.Ising, Heisenberg or Hubbard models.The aim of this work is to show the application of contractor renormalization group method to one-dimensional quantum systems -the Heisenberg zig-zag model and the Hubbard chain.As a test of the method, the ground state energy of these systems will be calculated.
The COntractor REnormalization group method was devised in 1994 by Morningstar and Weinstein. It was primarily aimed at extracting the physics of lattice quantum field theories (like lattice Quantum Chromodynamics). However, it is a general method of analyzing Hamiltonian lattice systems, e.g. Ising, Heisenberg or Hubbard models. The aim of this work is to show the application of CORE to one-dimensional quantum systems -- the Heisenberg zig-zag model and the Hubbard chain. As a test of the method, the ground state energy of these systems will be calculated.
The contractor renormalization group method, a new approach to solving Hamiltonian lattice systems, is presented. The method defines a systematic and nonperturbative means of implementing Kadanoff-Wilson real-space renormalization group transformations using cluster expansion and contraction techniques. We illustrate the approach and demonstrate its effectiveness using scalar field theory, the Heisenberg antiferromagnetic chain, and the anisotropic Ising chain. Future applications to the Hubbard and $t\ensuremath{-}J$ models and lattice gauge theory are discussed.
The contractor renormalization group (CORE) method, a new approach to solving Hamiltonian lattice systems, is introduced. The method combines contraction and variational techniques with the real-space renormalization group approach. It applies to lattice systems of infinite extent and is ideal for studying phase structure and critical phenomena. The CORE approximation is systematically improvable and can treat systems with dynamical fermions. The method is tested using the (1+1)-dimensional Ising model.
The application of real space renormalization group methods to quantum lattice models has become a topic of great interest following the development of the density matrix renormalization group by White.This method has been used to find the ground and low-lying excited state energies and wave functions of quantum spin models in which the form of the ground state is not clear, for instance because the interactions are frustrated.It has also been applied to fermion problems where the tendency for localization due to the strong Coulomb repulsion is opposed by the lowering of the kinetic energy which occurs as a result of electron transfer.The approach is particularly suitable for one-, or quasi-one-dimensional problems.The method involves truncating the Hilbert space in a systematic and optimised manner.Results for the ground state energy are thus variational bounds.The results for low-lying energies and correlation functions for one-dimensional systems have unprecedented accuracy and the method has become the method of choice for solving one-dimensional quantum spin problems.We review the method and results obtained for the spin-1 chain with biquadratic exchange as well as the spin-1/2 model with competing nearest and next nearest neighbour exchange will be described.More recently, the density matrix renormalization group has been applied to reformulate the coupling constant renormalization group approach which is appropriate for the study of critical properties.This approach has been applied to the anisotropic spin-1/2 Heisenberg chain.Finally, we discuss recent work which has borne promising applications in two dimensions -the Ising model and the two-dimensional Hubbard model.
The contractor renormalization group (CORE) method is applied to the SU(N)\mathrm{SU}(N)SU(N) chain and ladders in this paper. In our designed schemes, we show that these two classes of systems can return to their original form of Hamiltonian after CORE transformation. Successive iteration of the transformation leads to a fixed point so that the ground state energy and the energy gap to the ground state can be deduced. The result of SU(N)\mathrm{SU}(N)SU(N) chain is compared with the one by Bethe ansatz method. The transformation on spin-1∕21∕21∕2 ladders gives a finite gap in the excited energy spectra to the ground state in an intuitive way. The application to SU(3) ladders is also discussed.
The COntractor REnormalization group (CORE) approximation, a new method for solving Hamiltonian lattice systems, is introduced. The approach combines variational and contraction techniques with the real-space renormalization group approach and is systematically improvable. Since it applies to lattice systems of infinite extent, the method is suitable for studying critical phenomena and phase structure; systems with dynamical fermions can also be treated. The method is tested using the 1+1-dimensional Ising model.