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Chinese Physics Letters

High-Quality Fiber-Based Heralded Single-Photon Source at 1.5 μm

Pengxiang Wang, Qiang Zhou, Wei Zhang, Yidong Huang, Jiangde Peng

Published May 1, 2012• 6 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A high-quality heralded single-photon source (HSPS) at 1.5 μm is experimentally demonstrated based on spontaneous four wave-mixing in a piece of dispersion-shifted fiber cooled by liquid nitrogen. To improve the up-limit of the preparation efficiency of the HSPS, commercial dense wavelength-division multiplexing components are used to reduce the loss of the filtering and splitting system between the fiber and the single-photon detectors. As a result, a preparation efficiency of 80% is realized under a g (2) (0) of 0.06 in our HSPS experimental system, which is the best performance for the fiber-based HSPS at 1.5 μm reported so far.

DOI
10.1088/0256-307x/29/5/054215

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A high-quality heralded single-photon source (HSPS) at 1.5 μm is experimentally demonstrated based on spontaneous four wave-mixing in a piece of dispersion-shifted fiber cooled by liquid nitrogen. To improve the up-limit of the preparation efficiency of the HSPS, commercial dense wavelength-division multiplexing components are used to reduce the loss of the filtering and splitting system between the fiber and the single-photon detectors. As a result, a preparation efficiency of 80% is realized under a g (2) (0) of 0.06 in our HSPS experimental system, which is the best performance for the fiber-based HSPS at 1.5 μm reported so far.
Single photons are essential resource for quantum communication and quantum information processing, which can carry quantum information to distant locations. A promising scheme for single photon generation is the heralded single photon source (HSPS), which is based on the generation of correlated photon pairs (CPPs). Utilizing the quantum correlation property of the CPPs, one photon of the CPP is detected providing an electrical signal to herald the other photon as a single photon output. Recently, 1.5 μm CPP generation through spontaneously four wave-mixing (SFWM) in fiber has focused much attention, which provides a practical way to realize 1.5 μm fiber-based HSPS. The quality of a HSPS is described by the preparation efficiency and g(2)(0). In the fiber-based HSPS, the preparation efficiency is determined by the loss of the filtering and splitting system and the noise photons generated by spontaneously Raman scattering (SpRS). Considering the impact of the SpRS can be reduced by cooling the fiber and optimizing the frequency detuning of filtering and splitting system, the loss of the filtering and splitting system may give a theoretical up-limit of the preparation efficiency. In this paper, using commercial fiber components, we realize a high quality HSPS based on cooled fiber with a preparation efficiency of 80% under a g(2)(0) of0.06, showing its great potential in the application of quantum information technology.
A 1.5 um synchronous heralded single photon source (HSPS) is experimentally demonstrated based on dispersion shifted fiber and commercial fiber components in the paper. Experimental results show that both the preparation efficiency and the conditional second order correlation function g2(0) increase with the pump light level. Between the two important parameters, tradeoff should be taken in order to obtain a high quality fiber-based synchronous HSPS. A synchronous HSPS with a prepare efficiency of >60% and g2(0)<0.06 is achieved, the multi-photon probability of which is reduced by a factor of more than 16 compared with the Poissonian light sources. The experimental results show a great potential of the fiber-based synchronous HSPS for quantum information applications.
In this paper, a heralded single photon source (HSPS) at 1.5 μm with two independent orthogonally polarized outputs is realized based on a piece of polarization maintaining dispersion shifted fiber (PM-DSF). The HSPS is based on two scalar spontaneous four wave mixing (SFWM) processes along the two fiber polarization axes, while two vector SFWM processes are suppressed due to the high birefringence in the PM-DSF. The preparation efficiencies of the two independent outputs are about 73.7% and 69.1%, respectively, under a second-order correlation function g(2)(0) of 0.059. The indistinguishability between the two independent heralded single photons is demonstrated by Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) interference with a visibility of 78.9%, showing its great potential in quantum optics experiments and applications of quantum information.
We present an experimental study on the microstructured-fibre (MSF) based heralded single photon source (HSPS) at 1.5 μm. The preparation efficiency is measured to be 8.7% under room temperature. The analysis of the experimental results shows that the preparation efficiency can be improved up to 22.9% by the Raman noise suppression with fibre cooling under the experimental setup parameters. Further efficiency improvement could be achieved by improving the collection efficiency and reducing dark counts of single photon detectors (SPDs). The experimental results and analysis show great potential applications of the MSF in high efficient HSPSs.
High-quality quantum sources are of paramount importance for the implementation of quantum technologies. We present here a heralded single-photon source based on commercial-grade polarization-maintaining optical fiber. The heralded photons exhibit a purity of at least 0.84 and an unprecedented heralding efficiency into a single-mode fiber of 8585%85. The birefringent phase-matching condition of the underlying four-wave mixing process can be controlled mechanically to optimize the wavelength tuning needed for interfacing multiple sources, as is required for large-scale entanglement generation.