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InTech eBooks

Correspondences of Scale Relativity Theory with Quantum Mechanics

Clin Gh., Maricel Agop, Carmen Nejneru

Published Feb 24, 2012• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We perform a critical analysis of some quantum mechanical models such as the hydrodynamic model (Madelung's model), de Broglie's theory of double solution etc., specifying both mathematical and physical inconsistencies that occur in their construction.These inconsistencies are eliminated by means of the fractal approximation of motion (physical objects moving on continuous and non-differentiable curves, i.e. fractal curves) developed in the framework of Scale Relativity (SR) (Nottalle, L., 1993;Chaline, J. et al, 2009;

DOI
10.5772/34259

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We perform a critical analysis of some quantum mechanical models such as the hydrodynamic model (Madelung's model), de Broglie's theory of double solution etc., specifying both mathematical and physical inconsistencies that occur in their construction.These inconsistencies are eliminated by means of the fractal approximation of motion (physical objects moving on continuous and non-differentiable curves, i.e. fractal curves) developed in the framework of Scale Relativity (SR) (Nottalle, L., 1993;Chaline, J. et al, 2009;
The Copenhagen interpretation has been the subject of much criticism, notably by De Broglie and Einstein, because it contradicts the principles of causality and realism. The aim of this essay is to study the wave mechanics as an alternative to traditional quantum mechanics, in the continuity of the ideas of Louis de Broglie: the pilot wave theory of De Broglie (where each particle is associated with a wave which guides it), De Broglie-Bohm theory, stochastic electrodynamics (where the stochastic character of particles is caused by the energy field of the fluctuating vacuum), and the analogies between quantum mechanics and hydrodynamics.
Inconsistencies of some standard quantum mechanical models (Madelung’s, de Broglie’s models) are eliminated as- suming the micro particle movements on continuous, but non-differentiable curves (fractal curves). This hypothesis, named by us the fractal approximation of motion, will allow an unitary approach of the phenomena in quantum me-chanics (separation of the physical motion of objects in wave and particle components depending on the scale of resolution, correlated motions of the wave and particle, i.e. wave-particle duality, the mechanisms of duality, by means of both phase wave-particle coherence and wave-particle incoherence, the particle as a clock, particle incorporation into the wave and the implications of such a process). Moreover, correspondences with standard gravitational models (Einstein’s model, string theory) can be also distinguished.
In this paper the fractal model of the atom, using the hydrodynamic approach of the scale relativity theory, is obtained. Thus, assuming that the electron motion around the nucleus takes place on fractal curves of fractal dimension DF (continuous but non-differentiable curves), it is shown that its dynamics, in the second order approximation of the equation of motion, is described in complex speed field by a generalized Navier-Stokes type equation with imaginary viscosity coefficient. Applying this model to study the atom, it resulted that the real part of the complex velocity field describes the electron averaged movement. The electron moves on stationary orbits according to a quantification condition and the imaginary part of the complex velocity describes the fractality through a fractal potential. In the DF=2 fractal dimension and for the D=h / 2m viscosity coefficient, the classical results of quantum mechanics for the hydrogen atom are obtained.
The mathematical concept of minimal atomicity is extended to fractal minimal atomicity, based on the nondifferentiability of the motion curves of physical system entities on a fractal manifold. For this purpose, firstly, different results concerning minimal atomicity from the mathematical procedure of the Quantum Measure Theory and also several physical implications are obtained. Further, an inverse method with respect to the common developments concerning the minimal atomicity concept has been used, showing that Quantum Mechanics is identified as a particular case of Fractal Mechanics at a given scale resolution. More precisely, for fractality through Markov type stochastic processes, i.e., fractalization through stochasticization, the standard Schrödinger equation is identified with the geodesics of a fractal space for motions of the physical system entities on nondifferentiable curves on fractal dimension two at Compton scale resolution. In the one-dimensional stationary case of the fractal Schrödinger type geodesics, a special symmetry induced by the homographic group in Barbilian’s form “makes possible the synchronicity” of all entities of a given physical system. The integral and differential properties of this group under the restriction of defining a parallelism of directions in Levi-Civita’s sense impose correspondences with the “dynamics” of the hyperbolic plane so that harmonic mappings between the ordinary flat space and the hyperbolic one generate (by means of a variational principle) a priori probabilities in Jaynes’ sense. The explicitation of such situation specifies the fact that the hydrodynamical variant of a Fractal Mechanics is more easily approached and, from this, the fact that Quantum Measure Theory can be a particular case of a possible Fractal Measure Theory.