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A raman laser system for adiabatic photo association of NaK molecules

Diana Amaro, Nikolaus Buchheim, Zhen-Kai Lu, T. Schneider, Immanuel Bloch, Christoph Gohle

Published Mar 18, 2013• 0 citations
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We explore possible pathways for the creation of ultracold polar $\mathrm{NaK}$ molecules in their absolute electronic and rovibrational ground state starting from ultracold Feshbach molecules. In particular, we present a multichannel analysis of the electronic ground and $\text{K}(4p)+\text{Na}(3s)$ excited-state manifold of NaK, analyze the spin character of both the Feshbach molecular state and the electronically excited intermediate states and discuss possible coherent two-photon transfer paths from Feshbach molecules to rovibronic ground-state molecules. The theoretical study is complemented by the demonstration of stimulated Raman adiabatic passage from the $X{\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}}^{1}{\ensuremath{\Sigma}}^{+}$($v=0$) state to the $a{\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}}^{3}{\ensuremath{\Sigma}}^{+}$ manifold on a molecular beam experiment.

arXiv:1305.3419•Physical Review A•Aug 1, 2013•16 citations
Summary form only given. Coherent conversion of an atomic to a molecular Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) is a first step towards 'superchemistry', which is the atom optics analog of frequency conversion in nonlinear optics. A number of studies of this have shown that direct conversion via Raman photo-association appears feasible, based on stimulated free-bound and bound-bound transitions in the presence of two laser fields E/sup (1)/=E/sub 0//sup (1)/ cos(/spl omega//sup (1)/t) and E/sup (2)/=E/sub 0//sup (2)/ cos(/spl omega//sup (2)/t). Here pairs of atoms from the two-atom continuum are transferred-via an excited bound molecular state-to a bound molecular state of lower energy. Raman photo-association allows coupling to a single molecular state, which can be selected by the Raman laser frequencies /spl omega//sup (1)/ and /spl omega//sup (2)/. However, practical calculations using available lasers and transitions indicate that coherent transfer is often limited by spontaneous emission from the intermediate molecular excited electronic state. A possible route towards minimizing losses and decoherence from spontaneous emission is to use the stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) method (Drummond et al, Phys. Rev. Lett. vol. 81, p. 3055, 1998) in which a counter-intuitive pulse sequence is used where the first input pulse couples the molecular levels, even when there are no molecules present.
In a recent work, we have developed a robust chainwise atom–molecule adiabatic passage scheme to produce ultracold ground–state molecules via photo-associating free atoms [Phys. Rev. A81, 013632 (2010)10.1103/PhysRevA.81.013632PLRAAN1050-2947]. With the help of intermediate auxiliary levels, the pump laser intensity requested in the atomic photo-association process can be greatly reduced. In the present work, we extend the scheme to a more generalized (2n+1)-level system and investigate its efficiency limitations. As the intermediate levels and auxiliary lasers increase, the atom–molecule adiabatic passage would be gradually closed, leading to a poor transfer efficiency. For the purpose of enhancing the efficiency, we present various optimization approaches to the laser parameters, involving order number n, relative strength ratio, and absolute strength. We show that there can remain a limit on the population transfer efficiency given by a three-level Λ system. In addition, we illustrate the importance of selecting an appropriate number of intermediate levels for maintaining a highly efficient transfer under mild experimental conditions.
We explore possible pathways for the creation of ultracold polar NaK\mathrm{NaK}NaK molecules in their absolute electronic and rovibrational ground state starting from ultracold Feshbach molecules. In particular, we present a multichannel analysis of the electronic ground and K(4p)+Na(3s)\text{K}(4p)+\text{Na}(3s)K(4p)+Na(3s) excited-state manifold of NaK, analyze the spin character of both the Feshbach molecular state and the electronically excited intermediate states and discuss possible coherent two-photon transfer paths from Feshbach molecules to rovibronic ground-state molecules. The theoretical study is complemented by the demonstration of stimulated Raman adiabatic passage from the $X{\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}}^{1}{\ensuremath{\Sigma}}^{+}$(v=0v=0v=0) state to the $a{\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}}^{3}{\ensuremath{\Sigma}}^{+}$ manifold on a molecular beam experiment.