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中国物理B：英文版

Quantum nondemolition measurement of photon-number distribution for a weak cavity field with resonant atoms

郑仕标

Published Jan 20, 2003• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We propose a quantum nondemolition measurement of the photon-number distribution for a weak eavity field with no more than two photons ,the scheme is based on the resonant interaction of atoms with the cavity field,and thus the required interaction time is much shorter than that using dispersive interaction.This is important in view of decoherence,Our shceme can also be used to generate even and odd coherent states for a weak cavity field with resonant atoms.

DOI
10.1088/1009-1963/12/1/009

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We propose a quantum nondemolition measurement of the photon-number distribution for a weak eavity field with no more than two photons ,the scheme is based on the resonant interaction of atoms with the cavity field,and thus the required interaction time is much shorter than that using dispersive interaction.This is important in view of decoherence,Our shceme can also be used to generate even and odd coherent states for a weak cavity field with resonant atoms.
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A quantum-nondemolition method to measure the number of photons stored in a high-Q cavity, introduced by Brune et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 65, 976 (1990)], is described in detail. It is based on the detection of the dispersive phase shift produced by the field on the wave function of nonresonant atoms crossing the cavity. This shift can be measured by atomic interferometry, using the Ramsey separated-oscillatory-field method. The information acquired by detecting a sequence of atoms modifies the field step by step, until it eventually collapses into a Fock state. At the same time, the field phase undergoes a diffusive process as a result of the back action of the measurement on the photon-number conjugate variable. Once a Fock state has been generated, its evolution under weak perturbation can be continuously monitored, revealing quantum jumps between various photon numbers. When applied to an initial coherent field, the intermediate steps of the measuring sequence produce quantum superpositions of classical fields, known as ``Schr\"odinger cat states.'' Ways to prepare and detect these states in a cavity subjected to a weak relaxation process are discussed. The effects analyzed in this article could realistically be observed by using circular Rydberg atoms and very high-Q superconducting microwave cavities. The possibility of photon ``manipulation'' through nonresonant atom-field interactions opens a domain in cavity QED studies.