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Quantum Information and Computation

Improved bounds on negativity of superpositions

Zhihao Ma, Zhihua Chen, Shuai Han, Shao-Ming Fei, Simone Severin

Published Nov 1, 2012• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We consider an alternative formula for the negativity based on a simple generalization of the concurrence. We use the formula to bound the amount of entanglement in a superposition of two bipartite pure states of arbitrary dimension. Various examples indicate that our bounds are tighter than the previously known results.
DOI
10.26421/qic12.11-12-6

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The entanglement content of superpositions of quantum states is investigated based on a measure called concurrence. Given a bipartite pure state in arbitrary dimension written as the quantum superposition of two other such states, we find simple inequalities relating the concurrence of the state to that of its components. We derive an exact expression for the concurrence when the component states are biorthogonal and provide elegant upper and lower bounds in all other cases. For quantum bits, our upper bound is tighter than the previously derived bound [N. Linden et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 100502 (2006)].
For pure bipartite superposed states, the entanglement quantified by negativity is studied. If the entanglement is quantified by concurrence, we show that two pure states with high fidelity to one another have nearly the same entanglement. We deduce an inequality in which the concurrence is known to be a continuous function in infinite dimensions. The main result of this paper is to give the bounds on the negativity of a bipartite state in terms of the entanglement of the states being superposed. These bounds may be used in estimating the entanglement of a given state.
In this paper, we use the concurrence vector as a measure of entanglement, and investigate lower and upper bounds on the concurrence of a superposition of bipartite states as a function of the concurrence of the superposed states. We show that the amount of entanglement quantified by the concurrence vector is exactly the same as that quantified by III concurrence, so that our results can be compared to those given in Phys. Rev. A 76, 042328 (2007). We obtain a tighter lower bound in the case in which the two superposed states are orthogonal. We also show that when the two superposed states are not necessarily orthogonal, both lower and upper bounds are, in general, tighter than the bounds given in terms of the III concurrence. An extension of the results to the case with more than two states in the superpositions is also given.
Given a bipartite quantum state (in arbitrary dimension) and a decomposition of it as a superposition of two others, we find bounds on the entanglement of the superposition state in terms of the entanglement of the states being superposed. In the case that the two states being superposed are biorthogonal, the answer is simple, and, for example, the entanglement of the superposition cannot be more than one ebit more than the average of the entanglement of the two states being superposed. However, for more general states, the situation is very different.