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IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society Annual Meeting (LEOS)

Noise modelling of a photon echo memory in the frequency domain

Jin Y. Choi, John F. Walkup, Thomas F. Krile, D.J. Mehri

Published Dec 23, 2002• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Time-domain optical data storage using photon echoes has received increasing attention in recent years. A particularly attractive feature of a time domain memory is the ability to store many bits of information in a very small spot and thereby increase the data storage density. In time domain memory based on photon echoes, the Fourier transform of the input data is written into the inhomogeneous linewidth.

DOI
10.1109/leos.1996.565193

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Time-domain optical data storage using photon echoes has received increasing attention in recent years. A particularly attractive feature of a time domain memory is the ability to store many bits of information in a very small spot and thereby increase the data storage density. In time domain memory based on photon echoes, the Fourier transform of the input data is written into the inhomogeneous linewidth.
The noise characteristics of the photon echo memory have been investigated. The photon echo memory has the ability to store many bits of information in a diffraction-limited spot, thereby dramatically increasing the storage density. The temporal Fourier transform of the input data sequence is written into the inhomogeneous absorption profile of the recording medium. Data are encoded by means of temporal modulation onto the waveform of a finite duration data beam. Individual bits are not localized to a specific spectral channel; instead, they are stored throughout a region of spectral-addressing space, In order to store and recall the input data accurately, the Fourier transform of the input data sequence must be narrower than the inhomogeneous bandwidth. In the photon echo memory mechanism, there are several factors affecting the system bit error rate such as finite-width write/read pulses, echo efficiency, shot noise, thermal noise, etc. The accuracy of the echo output depends on those system factors. In this paper we formulate a simple model of the photon echo system, and by analyzing this model we derive the relationship between the characteristics of the echo output signal and several factors such as the bandwidth of the system, echo efficiency, atom excited state population fluctuations, shot noise, and thermal noise.
The photon-echo memory[1], or the time-domain optical data storage, resembles the hole-burning memory [2] in that the inhomogeneous absorption line of a material is employed as a storage medium and the information is stored in it as a frequency-dependent absorption change with the resolution determined by the homogeneous width. Having the common memory capacity N given by the inhomogeneous-to-homogeneous width ratio, both types of memories share common problems like low-temperature operation, spectral diffusion and so on. Although a storage medium is common, storage techniques are definitely different for the two memories. The photon-echo memory utilizes the temporal interference effect between a reference pulse and a data pulse and their interference pattern is stored as a population grating in the frequency domain. In this sense this is a time-domain analog of holography where the spatial interference pattern between a reference beam and a data beam is stored in a medium as a population grating in the real space. Like the spatially diffracted beam from the read beam gives the information stored in the hologram, the “temporally diffracted pulse", or the photon echo, after the read pulse can give the information stored in the inhomogeneous distribution.
The photon echo memory is one of the most attractive optical memories in terms of memory capacity and access speed. Fundamentally, the storage capacity and access speed are limited by the inhomogeneous bandwidth of the material. In reality, however, the storage capacity and data rates are further limited by several kinds of imperfections in the memory process. One of the main limiting factors is the noise caused by several sources. In this dissertation we categorize these noise sources into three groups, time domain noise, frequency domain noise, and detection noise. For each noise group, we create models and characterize the noise properties. We then simulate each noise model in the computer and compare the results with the analytical results. Experimental results are also presented. Those experimental results yield insight into the photon echo memory system and its physical noise characteristics. The dissertation concludes with an interpretation of the noise modeling approach described and proposes fiiture directions for this research area.
The diffraction-limited spot size of a focused laser beam puts an upper boundary on the storage densities in conventional optical data storage. This can be overcome by storing multiple bits of data in each spatial location. In materials with an inhomogeneously broadened absorption line, such as crystals doped with rare-earth ions, frequency can be used as an additional addressing dimension. In some materials the number of spectral channels can be as high as 107. Spectral data storage can be done using coherent transient interactions between light and atoms and can be described in terms of photon echo processes. In this Master's Project the swept-carrier time-domain (SCTD) approach, a hybrid between frequency- and time-domain approaches, is used. An overview of the theory is given, followed by a description ofthe set-up and equipment. A maximum of 330 bits of data have been stored in one spatial location. The necessary conditions for successful storage and retrieval of data have been examined and suggestions are given on how to extend the results further.
Time-and-space-domain holography [1,2] by stimulated photon echoes [3] provides a means of storing temporal and spatial properties of an ultrafast-varying light signal and recalling its authentic replica at any later moment. The possibility of recording complex time shapes of light pulses, which also means time-domain optical data storage, is based on the ability of frequency-selective absorbers to store with high accuracy the temporal Fourier components of the incident light [1-3]. The time-domain frequency-selective optical storage of binary or analog data is an alternative approach to the concept of frequency-selective high-density data storage that provides a parallel ultrafast data storage and processing in the frequency domain. The shortest detail of the signal to be stored is limited by the reverse inhomogeneous bandwidth of the storing media which reaches 10-100 fs for frequency-selective materials while the duration of the signal is limited by phase relaxation time T2 (usually 10−9-10−6s).
Time-and-space-domain holography [1,2] by stimulated photon echoes [3] provides a means of storing temporal and spatial properties of an ultrafast-varying light signal and recalling its authentic replica at any later moment. The possibility of recording complex time shapes of light pulses, which also means time-domain optical data storage, is based on the ability of frequency-selective absorbers to store with high accuracy the temporal Fourier components of the incident light [1-3]. The time-domain frequency-selective optical storage of binary or analog data is an alternative approach to the concept of frequency-selective high-density data storage that provides a parallel ultrafast data storage and processing in the frequency domain. The shortest detail of the signal to be stored is limited by the reverse inhomogeneous bandwidth of the storing media which reaches 10-100 fs for frequency-selective materials while the duration of the signal is limited by phase relaxation time T2 (usually 10-3-10-6s).