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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics

Phase contrast imaging of atomic superfluid state in degenerate gas of /sup 4/Li atoms

Weiping Zhang, Randall G. Hulet, Charles A. Sackett, M. Welling, Jordan M. Gerton, W. L. McAlexander

Published Nov 27, 2002• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Summary form only given. A technique based on coherent Fourier optical imaging is proposed to detect an atomic superfluid state in a degenerate gas of /sup 6/Li atoms. We show that the superfluid state is characterized by the formation of atomic Cooper pairs in the degenerate /sup 6/Li gas. The key to observe such a superfluid state is to determine the quantum pair correlation due to the existence of atomic Cooper pairs. By use of the vector quantum-field theory, we study the propagation of light field through the /sup 6/Li gas in the superfluid state. The total intensity of the scattered light and the transmitted light by the gas is calculated.

DOI
10.1109/iqec.1998.680323

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Summary form only given. A technique based on coherent Fourier optical imaging is proposed to detect an atomic superfluid state in a degenerate gas of /sup 6/Li atoms. We show that the superfluid state is characterized by the formation of atomic Cooper pairs in the degenerate /sup 6/Li gas. The key to observe such a superfluid state is to determine the quantum pair correlation due to the existence of atomic Cooper pairs. By use of the vector quantum-field theory, we study the propagation of light field through the /sup 6/Li gas in the superfluid state. The total intensity of the scattered light and the transmitted light by the gas is calculated.
A theoretical treatment of light scattering from a degenerate Fermi gas of trapped ultracold 6Li{}^{6}\mathrm{Li}6Li atoms is presented. We find that the scattered light contains information that directly reflects the quantum pair correlation due to the formation of atomic Cooper pairs resulting from a Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer phase transition to a superfluid state. Evidence for pairing should be observable in both the space and time domains.
An atomic grating generated by a pulsed standing-wave laser field is proposed to manipulate the superfluid state in a quantum degenerate gas of fermionic atoms. We show that in the presence of atomic Cooper pairs, the density oscillations of the gas caused by the atomic grating exhibit a much longer coherence time than that in the normal Fermi gas. Our result indicates that the technique of a pulsed atomic grating is a potential candidate to detect the atomic superfluid state in a quantum degenerate Fermi gas.
We study the coherence properties of a trapped two-component gas of fermionic atoms below the BCS critical temperature. We propose an optical method to investigate the Cooper pair coherence across different regions of the superfluid. Near-resonant laser light is used to induce transitions between the two coupled hyperfine states. The beam is split so that it probes two spatially separate regions of the gas. Absorption of the light in this interferometric scheme depends on the Cooper pair coherence between the two regions.
We theoretically study the propagation of light in a Fermi-Dirac gas in the presence of a superfluid state. BCS pairing between atoms in different spin levels increases the optical linewidth and line shift of a quantum degenerate Fermi-Dirac gas already at very low densities and introduces a collisional local-field shift that may dramatically dominate the Lorentz-Lorenz shift. These optical properties could possibly signal the presence of the superfluid state and determine the value of the BCS order parameter.
The paper gives an overview of the recent developments in the field of ultracold fermionic quantum gases. In particular, results obtained on an ultracold spin-mixture of /sup 6/Li atoms in a series of experiments performed in Innsbruck is presented . Bose-Einstein condensation of strongly bound atom pairs (molecules) , the reversible crossover to a degenerate Fermi gas, measurements of collective excitation modes, and spectroscopic observation of pairing in a strongly interacting Fermi gas of atoms are also discussed. The experimental results provide strong evidence for superfluidity.
Summary form only given. Cold, dense gases of fermions offer exciting new opportunities for fundamental studies of quantum degeneracy, collective behavior, and superfluidity. Fermionic /sup 6/Li has been the subject of numerous theoretical treatments. This is due in part to its anomalously large and negative triplet scattering length, a/sub T/=-2160 a/sub O/, which arises from a near zero energy resonance. The large scattering length leads to two-state mixtures which are predicted to undergo a transition to a superfluid state at a relatively high temperature. To increase our well depth, we retroreflect the CO/sub 2/ beam which forms our optical trap, nearly doubling the intensity of the trapping field and thus the well depth. We will discuss this technique and its effect on evaporative cooling, and report our progress towards producing a degenerate gas of /sup 6/Li.