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Physical review. B, Condensed matter

Universal combination of critical amplitudes from field theory

Claude Bervillier, Claude Godrèche

Published Jun 1, 1980• 108 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Near a continuous phase transition, there exist universal combinations of critical amplitudes. We present an estimation of such a universal quantity, in the framework of the ${\ensuremath{\varphi}}^{4}$ field theory in three dimensions, using information recently available in the literature, and already used to determine precise values for critical exponents. This leads to an accuracy only obtained, hitherto, in the framework of field theory, for critical exponents. The universal quantity calculated, often denoted by $R_{\ensuremath{\xi}}^{}{}_{}{}^{+}$, combines the amplitude of the correlation length and that of the singular part of the specific heat in the vicinity of the critical point.

DOI
10.1103/physrevb.21.5427

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Near a continuous phase transition, there exist universal combinations of critical amplitudes. We present an estimation of such a universal quantity, in the framework of the \ensuremathφ4{\ensuremath{\varphi}}^{4}\ensuremathφ4 field theory in three dimensions, using information recently available in the literature, and already used to determine precise values for critical exponents. This leads to an accuracy only obtained, hitherto, in the framework of field theory, for critical exponents. The universal quantity calculated, often denoted by R\ensuremathξ+R_{\ensuremath{\xi}}^{}{}_{}{}^{+}R\ensuremathξ​​+, combines the amplitude of the correlation length and that of the singular part of the specific heat in the vicinity of the critical point.
We estimate, at d=3d=3d=3, from ${\ensuremath{\varphi}}^{4}$ field theory the universal ratios of confluent critical correction amplitudes relative to the correlation length, the susceptibility, and the specific heat above Tc{T}_{c}Tc​. Our central values are comparable to these available from analysis of high-temperature series and the $\ensuremath{\epsilon}$ expansion. Furthermore, experiments in progress on a binary mixture are in good agreement with one of our results, the ratio of the confluent corrections for the specific heat and susceptibility which have not been previously estimated. We also present, in detail, a derivation of the universality of these quantities in the framework of field theory.
A general derivation of the two-scale-factor universality is given using the renormalized ${\ensuremath{\varphi}}^{4}$ theory. As a consequence ten universal relations among critical amplitudes are obtained, any other universal relations being a combination of them. The situation is shown to be the same as for the scaling laws for critical exponents. The calculations up to order ${\ensuremath{\epsilon}}^{2}$ for systems with continuous symmetry are performed for some of these relations such as the specific-heat amplitudes ratio and ${R}_{\ensuremath{\xi}}^{+}$, which relates the amplitudes of the correlation length and of the specific heat, etc. Comparison with experiments and series results and, in particular, the discussion of the superfluid helium and RbMnF3{\mathrm{F}}_{3}F3​ cases, are repeated with our improved numerical results.
We use a high-precision Monte Carlo simulation to determine the universal specific-heat amplitude ratio A + / A − in the three-dimensional Ising model via the impact angle ϕ of complex temperature zeros. We also measure the correlation-length critical exponent ν from finite-size scaling and the specific-heat exponent α through hyperscaling. Extrapolations to the thermodynamic limit yield ϕ = 59.2(1.0)°, A + / A − = 0.56(3), ν = 0.630 48(32) and α = 0.1086(10). These results are compatible with some previous estimates from a variety of sources and rule out recently conjectured exact values.
Monte Carlo simulations and series expansions data for the energy, specific heat, magnetization, and susceptibility of the three-state Potts model on the square lattice are analyzed in the vicinity of the critical point in order to estimate universal combinations of critical amplitudes. We estimate these amplitudes using the correction-to-scaling exponents predicted by conformal field theory. We also form effective ratios of the observables close to the critical point and analyze how they approach the universal critical-amplitude ratios. In particular, using the duality relation, we show analytically that for the Potts model with a number of states $q\ensuremath{\leqslant}4$, the effective ratio of the energy critical amplitudes always approaches unity linearly with respect to the reduced temperature. This fact leads to the prediction of relations among the amplitudes of correction-to-scaling terms of the specific heat in the low- and high-temperature phases. We present numerical and analytical support for the form of the first two correction-to-scaling terms. Our results for the amplitude ratios closely agree with the theoretical predictions and the earlier numerical estimates of the specific heat and the susceptibility amplitude ratios.
We use a high-precision Monte Carlo simulation to determine the universal specific-heat amplitude ratio A + /A − in the three-dimensional Ising model via the impact angle phgr of complex temperature zeros. We also measure the correlation-length critical exponent ν from finite-size scaling and the specific-heat exponent α through hyperscaling. Extrapolations to the thermodynamic limit yield phgr = 59.2(1.0)°, A + /A − = 0.56(3), ν = 0.630 48(32) and α = 0.1086(10). These results are compatible with some previous estimates from a variety of sources and rule out recently conjectured exact values.
We extend our previous determinations of nonasymptotic critical behavior of Phys. Rev. B 32, 7209 (1985) and 35, 3585 (1987) to accurate expressions of the complete classical-to-critical crossover (in three-dimensional field theory) in terms of the temperaturelike scaling field (i.e., along the critical isochore) for (1) the correlation length, the susceptibility, and the specific heat in the homogeneous phase for the n-vector model (n=1 to 3) and (2) the spontaneous magnetization (coexistence curve), the susceptibility, and the specific heat in the inhomogeneous phase for the Ising model (n=1). The present calculations include the seventh-loop order of Murray and Nickel and closely account for the up-to-date estimates of universal asymptotic critical quantities (exponents and amplitude combinations) provided by Guida and Zinn-Justin [J. Phys. A 31, 8103 (1998)].