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AIP conference proceedings

Geometrical Representation of Entanglement of a Three-Qubit ∣W〉 State

Pedro Felipe Gardeazábal Rodríguez

Published Jan 1, 2004• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In this paper we study the quantum entanglement properties of a tripartite system of qubits. We use the concept of two‐tangle and three‐tangle to understand the nature of entanglement of |W〉 and |GHZ〉 states. We construct simple geometrical representations for graphical interpretations of the entanglement for these states.
DOI
10.1063/1.1834424

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We present a graphical framework to represent entanglement in three-qubit states. The geometry associated with each entanglement class and type is analyzed, revealing distinct structural features. We explore the connection between this geometric perspective and the tangle, deriving bounds that depend on the entanglement class. Based on these insights, we conjecture a purely geometric expression for both the tangle and Cayley’s hyperdeterminant for non-generic states. As an application, we analyze the energy eigenstates of physical Hamiltonians, identifying the sufficient conditions for genuine tripartite entanglement to be robust under symmetry-breaking perturbations and level repulsion effects.
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The behavior of quantum states under local unitary transformations (LUTs) and stochastic local quantum operations and classical communication (SLOCC) has proven central to the understanding of entanglement in multipartite quantum systems. In particular, invariants under these operations have provided insight into quantum entanglement in multiple‐qubit states. Relationships between entanglement, mixedness and spin symmetry in multiple‐qubit quantum states can be found by exploiting these properties. For example, concurrence and n‐tangle are naturally expressed in terms of spin‐flip transformations. In the case of specialized entanglement measures and/or special families of states, complementarity relations involving these lengths and state transformations are derivable. Here, the role of geometry in such investigations is explored. Minkowskian geometry is seen to provide elegant representations of entanglement in multiple‐qubit systems, particularly the language of twistors.
In this paper, we are focusing on entanglement control problem in a three-qubit system. We demonstrate that vector representation of entanglement, associated with SO(6) representation of SU(4) two-qubit group, can be used to solve various control problems analytically including ( i) the transformation between a W-type states and GHZ state, and ( ii) manipulating bipartite concurrences and three-tangle under a restricted access to only two qubits, and ( iii) designing USp(4)-type quaternionic operations and quantum states.
We construct an important missing piece in the entanglement theory of pure three-qubit states, which is a polynomial measure of W-entanglement. This works in parallel to the three-tangle, which is a polynomial measure of GHZ-entanglement, and to the bipartite concurrence, which is a polynomial measure of bipartite entanglement. We also show that these entanglement measures are ordered, the bipartite measure is larger than the W measure, which is larger than the GHZ measure. It is meaningful then to consider these three types of three-qubit entanglement, which are also ordered, bipartite is weaker than W, which is weaker than GHZ, in parallel to the order of the three kinds of equivalence classes of entangled three-qubit states.