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Interactions of space variant polarization beams with Zeeman-shifted rubidium vapor

Anat Szapiro, Liron Stern, Uriel Levy

Published Jan 1, 2015• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We experimentally demonstrate the interaction between space variant polarization beams with a Zeeman shifted rubidium vapor operating as a controlled circular birefringence and dichroism media. Full Stokes parameters measurements allows for mapping the polarization distribution.
DOI
10.1364/cleo_at.2015.jw2a.30

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Space variant beams are of great importance as a variety of applications have emerged in recent years. As such, manipulation of their degrees of freedom is highly desired. Here, by exploiting the circular dichroism and circular birefringence in a Zeeman-shifted Rb medium, we study the general interaction of space variant beams with such a medium. We present two particular cases of radial polarization and hybrid polarization beams where the control of the polarization states is demonstrated experimentally. Moreover, we show that a Zeeman-shifted atomic system can be used as an analyzer for such space variant beams
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We demonstrate a pump-probe scheme in which an atomic vapor is optically pumped with circularly polarized light and probed with a vector vortex beam. The pump induces a macroscopic magnetization in the medium, which gives rise to frequency-dependent circular dichroism and birefringence. The vortex probe, characterized by spatially varying polarization, maps this optical activity onto the spatial structure of the transmitted light, thereby generating correlations between the frequency, polarization, and spatial degrees of freedom. Measuring the intensity profile in a suitable polarization component then allows us to perform spatially resolved polarization spectroscopy. We demonstrate the translation of frequency shifts into an image rotation, observing on resonance a rotation in the order of 98 mrad per MHz. These findings may find applications in high-precision spectroscopy, magnetometry, and the generation of hybrid entanglement.
Birefringence and dichroism in atomic systems are active areas of research. Circular dichroism is typically observed in chiral atoms, molecules (such as DNA), and optically asymmetric materials. These phenomena enable polarization-based selectivity and high-precision measurements with applications in optical systems, biomedical diagnostics, and advanced photonics.Meanwhile, negative refractive index materials offer exotic applications in optics and photonics, including super-resolution imaging, invisibility cloaking, and sub-wavelength imaging. Here, we identify a novel route to achieving birefringence and dichroism in a left-handed system for the first time.We investigate the optical activity of an atomic left-handed medium, analyzing the interaction of left- and right-circularly polarized light with different atomic states while incorporating local field corrections. Notably, our results demonstrate simultaneous left-handedness for both polarization states. Furthermore, we find that electric birefringence and dichroism are significantly enhanced with increasing control field strength, while magnetic birefringence and dichroism can be fully controlled via strong laser coupling.These findings have promising implications for spintronics, image transmission in metamaterials, and the development of optical switches and high-speed data transmission devices, opening new avenues in quantum optics and photonics.