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AIP conference proceedings

Triplets in the emission spectra of a semiconductor quantum dot in the cavity QED regime

Fabrice P. Laussy, D. Sanvitto, D. M. Whittaker

Published Jan 1, 2007• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We describe the strong‐coupling of a small Quantum Dot (QD) with a pillar microcavity in the nonlinear regime where the number of photons matters. We consider the case where the QD is weakly coupled to one photon, but strongly coupled to two. We show how the emitted spectra then display both a doublet at resonance and a triplet in its vicinity.

DOI
10.1063/1.2730273

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We describe the strong‐coupling of a small Quantum Dot (QD) with a pillar microcavity in the nonlinear regime where the number of photons matters. We consider the case where the QD is weakly coupled to one photon, but strongly coupled to two. We show how the emitted spectra then display both a doublet at resonance and a triplet in its vicinity.
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The optical emission spectrum of a quantum dot in strong coupling with the single mode of a microcavity is obtained in the nonlinear regime. We study how exciton-exciton interactions alter the emission spectrum of the system, bringing the linear Rabi doublet into a multiplet structure that is strongly dependent on the cavity-exciton energy detuning. We emphasize how nonlinearity can be used to evidence the genuine quantum nature of the coupling by producing satellites peaks of the Rabi doublet that originate from the quantized energy levels of the interactions.
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A theoretical investigation is presented of the statistics of excitons in quantum dots (QDs) of different sizes. A formalism is developed to build the exciton creation operator in a dot from the single exciton wave function and it is shown how this operator evolves from purely fermionic, in the case of a small QD, to purely bosonic, in the case of large QDs. Nonlinear optical emission spectra of semiconductor microcavities containing single QDs are found to exhibit a peculiar multiplet structure which reduces to Mollow triplet and Rabi doublet in fermionic and bosonic limits, respectively.
We observe antibunching in the photons emitted from a strongly coupled single quantum dot and pillar microcavity in resonance. When the quantum dot was spectrally detuned from the cavity mode, the cavity emission remained antibunched, and also anticorrelated from the quantum dot emission. Resonant pumping of the selected quantum dot via an excited state enabled these observations by eliminating the background emitters that are usually coupled to the cavity. This device demonstrates an on-demand single-photon source operating in the strong coupling regime, with a Purcell factor of 61+/-7 and quantum efficiency of 97%.
A single atom in a cavity is the model system of cavity quantum electrodynamics (CQED). The strong coupling regime between the atom and cavity-confined photon corresponds to the reversible exchange of energy between the two modes, and underpins a wide range of CQED phenomena with applications in quantum information science, including for example as quantum logic gates and as sources of entangled states. An important advance was achieved recently when strong coupling between excitons and cavity photons was reported for the first time for localized quantum dots (QDs) in micron-size solid state cavities. This has significance in terms of scalability and integration with other optical devices, and could lead to the emergence of "quantum optics on a chip" technology. However the results presented so far for quantum dots are in the linear regime, corresponding to coupling to the vacuum field (vacuum Rabi splitting); they are not a true QED effect and can equally well be described by classical physics as the coupling between two oscillators. In this paper, we present evidence for a purely quantum phenomenon for the QD/cavity photon system, namely the increase in splitting of the levels when the mean number of photons in the cavity is increased. This corresponds to non-linearities on the single-photon scale: the presence of a single excitation in the cavity changes the level structure, affecting the emission energies for a second photon. Such results are a first step in demonstrating the promise of quantum dots for CQED applications.