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Advances in solid state physics

Superradiant exciton-light coupling in semiconductor heterostructures—Theory

T. Stroucken, S. Haas, Bernd Grote, S. W. Koch, Matthias Hübner, D. Ammerlann, J. Kühl

Published Jan 1, 1999• 4 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1007/bfb0107623

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We demonstrate that a ionising transition can be strongly coupled to a photonic resonator, leading to the appearance of a discrete optically active polaritonic resonance below the ionisation threshold. The matter component of such hybrid excitation corresponds to a bound exciton created by light-matter interaction. Applying our theory to the case of bound-to-continuum transitions in microcavity-embedded doped quantum wells, we show how those strong-coupling features can be exploited as a novel gauge to tune both optical and electronic properties of semiconductor heterostructures.
Time- and spectrally resolved reflectivity measurements on multiple-quantum-well structures excited by ultrashort laser pulses are presented. In Bragg structures, where the interwell distance amounts to half the optical wavelength at the exciton resonance, superradiant coupling of the polarization dynamics within different quantum wells leads to an enhancement of the reflectivity strength and linewidth. We show that the superradiance is not limited to the heavy-hole exciton but can be observed even on excited and light-hole exciton states as well as on correlated electron-hole pair states. These coupling effects grow with the number of quantum wells. For our samples containing 60 and 30 quantum wells, pronounced superradiant enhanced reflectivity is present even at high excitation intensities and high temperatures, showing the insensitivity of radiative coupling with respect to incoherent scattering processes. Our findings are in good agreement with solutions of the semiconductor Maxwell-Bloch equations.