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Greatly Enhanced Kerr Nonlinearity Induced by Subwavelength-Confined Anisotropic Purcell Factors in Plasmonic Nanocavity

Hongyi Chen, Ying Gu, Juanjuan Ren, Dongxing Zhao, Qihuang Gong

Published Jan 1, 2015• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Combining the coherent effects in quantum optics and anisotropic Purcell factors given by surface plasmons, we theoretically investigate the greatly enhanced Kerr nonlinearity of double lambda atomic system with two vertical dipole moments.
DOI
10.1364/cleo_at.2015.jtu5a.86

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The enhancement of the optical nonlinear effects at nanoscale is important in the on-chip optical information processing. We theoretically propose the mechanism of the great Kerr nonlinearity enhancement by using anisotropic Purcell factors in a double-Λ type four-level system, i.e., if the bisector of the two vertical dipole moments lies in the small/large Purcell factor axis in the space, the Kerr nonlinearity will be enhanced/decreased due to the spontaneously generated coherence accordingly. Besides, when the two dipole moments are parallel, the extremely large Kerr nonlinearity increase appears, which comes from the double population trapping. Using the custom-designed resonant plasmonic nanostructure which gives an anisotropic Purcell factor environment, we demonstrate the effective nanoscale control of the Kerr nonlinearity. Such controllable Kerr nonlinearity may be realized by the state-of-the-art nanotechnics and it may have potential applications in on-chip photonic nonlinear devices.
We theoretically investigate the enhancement of Kerr nonlinearity through anisotropic Purcell factors provided by plasmon nanostructures. In a three-level atomic system with crossing damping, larger anisotropism of Purcell factors leads to more enhanced Kerr nonlinearity in electromagnetically induced transparency windows. While for fixed anisotropic Purcell factors, Kerr nonlinearity with orthogonal dipole moments increases with the decrease of its crossing damping, and Kerr nonlinearity with nonorthogonal dipole moments is very sensitive to both the value of crossing damping and the orientation of the dipole moments. We design the non-resonant gold nanorods array, which only provides subwavelength-confined anisotropic Purcell factors, and demonstrate that the Kerr nonlinearity of cesium atoms close to the nanorods array can be modulated at the nanoscale. These findings should have potential application in ultracompact quantum logic devices.
The enhancement of the optical nonlinear effects at nanoscale is important in the on-chip optical information processing. We theoretically propose the mechanism of the great Kerr nonlinearity enhancement by using anisotropic Purcell factors in a double-Λ type four-level system, i.e., if the bisector of the two vertical dipole moments lies in the small/large Purcell factor axis in the space, the Kerr nonlinearity will be enhanced/decreased due to the spontaneously generated coherence accordingly. Besides, when the two dipole moments are parallel, the extremely large Kerr nonlinearity increase appears, which comes from the double population trapping. Using the custom-designed resonant plasmonic nanostructure which gives an anisotropic Purcell factor environment, we demonstrate the effective nanoscale control of the Kerr nonlinearity. Such controllable Kerr nonlinearity may be realized by the state-of-the-art nanotechnics and it may have potential applications in on-chip photonic nonlinear devices.
We theoretically propose a mechanism for the enhancement of quantum field entanglement generated by four-wave mixing through anisotropic Purcell factors in a three-level atomic system. With anisotropic Purcell factors, the dependence of the entanglement on the relative polarization direction between two dipole moments is investigated. It is found that, for the two-mode quantum field entanglement, if the bisector of the two orthogonal dipole moments lies in the large (small) Purcell factor axis, the entanglement would be enhanced (decreased) with changing the crossing damping accordingly. Moreover, larger anisotropism of Purcell factors leads to further enhancement of the entanglement. We also reveal a mechanism for increasing the duration of four-mode quantum field entanglement through the anisotropic Purcell factors. With the help of the custom-designed plasmon nanostructure which creates the anisotropic Purcell factors, we demonstrate that the quantum field entanglement can be effectively modulated at subwavelength scale. Our paper provides a promising way towards the entangled source in nanophotonic structures and may have potential applications in on-chip devices for quantum information.
The mechanism of using the anisotropic Purcell factor to control the spontaneous emission linewidths in a four-level atom is theoretically demonstrated; if the polarization angle bisector of the two dipole moments lies along the axis of large/small Purcell factor, destructive/constructive interference narrows/widens the fluorescence center spectral lines. Large anisotropy of the Purcell factor, confined in the subwavelength optical mode volume, leads to rapid spectral line narrowing of atom approaching a metallic nanowire, nanoscale line width pulsing following periodically varying decay rates near a periodic metallic nanostructure, and dramatic modification on the spontaneous emission spectrum near a custom-designed resonant plasmon nanostructure. The combined system opens a good perspective for applications in ultracompact active quantum devices.
We predict that the effective nonlinear optical susceptibility can be tailored using the Purcell effect. While this is a general physical principle that applies to a wide variety of nonlinearities, we specifically investigate the Kerr nonlinearity. We show theoretically that using the Purcell effect for frequencies close to an atomic resonance can substantially influence the resultant Kerr nonlinearity for light of all (even highly detuned) frequencies. For example, in realistic physical systems, enhancement of the Kerr coefficient by one to two orders of magnitude could be achieved.