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Chinese Physics B

Cryptanalysis of fair quantum blind signatures

Li-Bao He, Liusheng Huang, Wei Yang, Rui Xu

Published Mar 1, 2012• 18 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We investigate the fair quantum blind signature scheme proposed by Wang and Wen [Wang T Y and Wen Q Y 2010 Chin. Phys. B 19 060307 ], which uses the fundamental properties of quantum mechanics and the availability of a trusted arbitrator. However, in this paper, we find that the protocol cannot satisfy the property of non-forgeability even under the condition that the trusted arbitrator is totally credible. Moreover, a simple feasible suggestion for improving the protocol is proposed.

DOI
10.1088/1674-1056/21/3/030306

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We investigate the fair quantum blind signature scheme proposed by Wang and Wen [Wang T Y and Wen Q Y 2010 Chin. Phys. B 19 060307 ], which uses the fundamental properties of quantum mechanics and the availability of a trusted arbitrator. However, in this paper, we find that the protocol cannot satisfy the property of non-forgeability even under the condition that the trusted arbitrator is totally credible. Moreover, a simple feasible suggestion for improving the protocol is proposed.
Recently, blind quantum signature (BQS) protocols have been proposed with the help of a third-party verifier. However, our research shows that some of the BQS protocols are unable to complete the blind signature task fairly if the verifier is dishonest. Indeed, these protocols can be viewed as variants of the classical digital signature scheme of symmetric-key cryptography. If nobody is trusted in such protocols, digital signature cannot be implemented since disagreements cannot be solved fairly.
The paper uses the uncertainty principle and nocloning theorem; then combines the fundamental properties of quantum mechanics with the cryptographic hash function together; after that proposes a new security quantum blind signature.The analysis of security shows that the improved scheme has the feature of non-forgery, non-disavowal.Compares with other quantum signature, the new scheme needn't to update the signer's transmission private key and it can avoid the signer's private key being exposed by the sender.Moreover, the improved scheme has guiding significance value to further optimal design quantum blind signature and quantum signature, etc.
In order to solve the security of electronic transactions on limited goods, some quantum blind double signature (QBDS) protocols were proposed. In existing QBDS protocols, all participants must have specific quantum computing capabilities. Realistically, high cost of quantum devices may hinder people from using the QBDS protocol. Therefore, we propose a semi-quantum arbitrator blind double signature (SQABDS) scheme. In this scheme, the sender (signer) and the receiver both are classical participants, which can relatively reduce the dependence on quantum hardware. The introduction of blind signers can protect the privacy of electronic transactions, the introduction of semi-trusted arbitrator can relax the strong assumption about the trustworthiness of the arbitrator, for the arbitrator cannot forge the signature. In addition, the SQABDS scheme can be used to sign classical messages directly without performing any quantum swapping tests or quantum gate operations. Finally, the analysis shows that our scheme is securer and its quantum cost is relatively lower.
In a partially blind signature scheme, the signer explicitly includes pre-agreed common information in the blind signature, which can improve the availability and performance. We present a new partially blind signature scheme based on fundamental properties of quantum mechanics. In addition, we analyze the security of this scheme, and show it is not possible to forge valid partially blind signatures. Moreover, the comparisons between this scheme and those based on public-key cryptography are also discussed.