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Security and Communication Networks

Towards modelling perfect forward secrecy in two‐message authenticated key exchange under ephemeral‐key revelation

Zheng Yang, Wu Yang, Lingyun Zhu, Daigu Zhang

Published May 19, 2015• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract We examine the recently introduced CF and CF‐perfect forward secrecy (PFS) models for two‐message authenticated key exchange (TMAKE) by Cremers et al., where the difference between CF and CF‐PFS model is that the CF formulates the weak PFS (wPFS), whereas the CF‐PFS formulates the PFS. The CF model is claimed by Cremers et al. to be strictly stronger the previous extended Canetti‐Krawczyk (eCK) model. However, we notice that the implication relations among CF, CF‐PFS, eCK and eCK‐PFS model have not been completely studied. Based on TMAKE, we particularly show that CF model and eCK model imply each other under random oracle model. Moreover, we provide a new result on the generic security strengthening transformation (compiler) for building CF‐PFS‐secure TMAKE protocols. In contrast to a previous work, we show that it is possible to apply the transformation to all CF‐secure AKE protocols including all eCK‐secure TMAKE protocols in the random oracle model, without restricting to a small specific class of Diffie–Hellman key based protocols. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

DOI
10.1002/sec.1263

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Security and Communication Networks•Aug 28, 2014•0 citations
Abstract We examine the recently introduced CF and CF‐perfect forward secrecy (PFS) models for two‐message authenticated key exchange (TMAKE) by Cremers et al., where the difference between CF and CF‐PFS model is that the CF formulates the weak PFS (wPFS), whereas the CF‐PFS formulates the PFS. The CF model is claimed by Cremers et al. to be strictly stronger the previous extended Canetti‐Krawczyk (eCK) model. However, we notice that the implication relations among CF, CF‐PFS, eCK and eCK‐PFS model have not been completely studied. Based on TMAKE, we particularly show that CF model and eCK model imply each other under random oracle model. Moreover, we provide a new result on the generic security strengthening transformation (compiler) for building CF‐PFS‐secure TMAKE protocols. In contrast to a previous work, we show that it is possible to apply the transformation to all CF‐secure AKE protocols including all eCK‐secure TMAKE protocols in the random oracle model, without restricting to a small specific class of Diffie–Hellman key based protocols. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Abstract. We show that it is possible to achieve perfect forward secrecy in two-message or one-round key exchange (KE) protocols even in the presence of very strong active adversaries that can reveal random values of sessions and compromise long-term secret keys of parties. We provide two new game-based security models for KE protocols with increasing security guarantees, namely, eCKw and eCK-PFS. The eCKw model is a slightly stronger variant of the extended Canetti-Krawczyk (eCK) security model. The eCK-PFS model captures perfect forward secrecy in the presence of eCKw adversaries. We propose a security-strengthening transformation (i. e., a compiler) from eCKw to eCK-PFS that can be applied to protocols that only achieve security in a weaker model than eCKw, which we call eCKpassive. We show that, given a two-message Diffie-Hellman type protocol secure in eCKpassive, our transformation yields a two-message protocol that is secure in eCK-PFS. We demonstrate how our transformation can be applied to concrete KE protocols. In particular, our methodology allows us to prove the security of the first known one-round protocol that achieves perfect forward secrecy under actor compromise and ephemeral-key reveal. 1
Abstract Most recently, a variant of extended Canetti–Krawczyk model called aseCKwis introduced to provide stronger security than previous eCK models. NamelyeCKwmodels formulate a stronger notion regarding weak perfect forward secrecy than other eCK models. In particular, anyeCKwsecure protocols can be generally transformed to achieve full provide perfect forward secrecy without requiring additional round. So far, there is no protocol which has been proven secure in theeCKwmodel without random oracles. In this paper, we study the open problem on constructingeCKwsecure AKE protocol in the standard model. A new one‐round AKE protocol is introduced relying on standard cryptographic primitives and a variant of bilinear decisional Diffie–Hellman assumption. The main advantage of our proposal is its high efficiency in key exchange in contrast to the previous eCK secure protocols without random oracles and under post‐specified peer setting. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Recently, LaMacchia, Lauter and Mityagin proposed the extended Canetti-Krawczyk (eCK) model for Authenticated Key Exchange (AKE) protocols that covers many attacks on existing models. An ID-based AKE protocol with Perfect Forward Secrecy (PFS) (respectively Master Perfect Forward Secrecy (MPFS)) ensures that revelation of the static keys of the parties (respectively the master secret key of the private key generator), must not compromise even a single bit of the session keys of the past sessions between the parties. Currently, to the best of our knowledge, there is no ID-based eCK secure single round AKE protocol with either PFS or MPFS. In our preliminary version [18] we have proposed, without proofs, ID-based eCK secure single round AKE protocols with PFS and MPFS in the random oracle model. To achieve this, we also have constructed ID-based eCK secure single round AKE protocols, one without Master Forward Secrecy (MFS) and one with MFS, almost at the same computational cost as the existing efficient ID-based eCK Secure Single Round AKE protocols. In this full version, we provide proofs to show that all of our protocols are secure under the Gap Bilinear Diffie-Hellman (GBDH) problem.
We propose two security models for one-round group key exchange (ORGKE), which are called as g-eCKw and g-eCK-PFS. The g-eCK-PFS is a stronger variant of g- eCKw, which particularly formulates perfect forward se- crecy for ORGKE. A new tripartite ORGKE is proposed to provide g-eCKw security without random oracles under standard assumptions, that is also more e_cient than its predecessor by Li and Yang on CANS'13. We also show how to transform (compile) a g-eCKw secure protocol to achieve g-eCK-PFS security. In particular, our result enables us to prove the security of the first ORGKE protocol that achieves perfect forward secrecy without random oracles in a strong security model allowing adversary to compromise critical information of session participants such as long-term or ephemeral private key.
Abstract. This paper investigates the two-pass authenticated key exchange protocol in the enhanced Canetti-Krawczyk (eCK) with perfect forward security. Currently, there exist no authenticated key exchange protocols which are provably secure in eCK model and meanwhile achieve perfect forward security against active adversary in one round. We propose a new two-pass authenticated key exchange protocol which enjoys following desirable properties. First, our protocol is shown secure in the eCK model under the gap Diffie-Hellman (GDH) assumption. Moreover, our protocol does not use the NAXOS transformation, the drawback of which will be discussed in the introduction. Second, under the same assumption, we prove that our protocol achieves perfect forward security against active adversary in one round. To the best of our knowledge, our proposal is first two-pass (one round) AKE protocol provably secure in the eCK model and achieving perfect forward security against active adversary.
Abstract Since the introduction of extended Canetti–Krawczyk (eCK) security model for two‐party key exchange, many protocols have been proposed to provide eCK security. However, most of those protocols are provably secure in the random oracle model or rely on special design technique, which is well known as the NAXOS trick. In contrast to previous schemes, we present an eCK secure protocol in the standard model, without NAXOS trick and without knowledge of secret key assumption for public key registration. The security proof of our scheme is based on standard pairing assumption, collision‐resistant hash functions, Bilinear Decision Diffie–Hellman and Decision Linear Diffie–Hellman assumptions, and pseudo‐random functions with pairwise independent random source. Although our proposed protocol is based on bilinear groups, it does not require any pairing operation during key exchange procedure. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.