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Journal of Physics A Mathematical and General

Standard and entropic uncertainty relations of the finite well

V Majern iacute k, E Majern iacute kov aacute

Published Jun 28, 2002• 27 citations
Publisher

Abstract

This paper deals with the standard and entropic uncertainty relations for the finite-potential well with different length and potential depth. We calculate the position and momentum dispersions and entropies that are dependent on the quantum states of the finite well and determine the corresponding standard and entropic uncertainty relations. Then we calculate the entropy of occurrence for the mass point inside and outside the well. We discuss the results and determine a class of probability distributions with a parameter for which the standard deviation becomes infinite, independent of the value of this parameter.

DOI
10.1088/0305-4470/35/27/314

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This paper deals with the standard and entropic uncertainty relations for the finite-potential well with different length and potential depth. We calculate the position and momentum dispersions and entropies that are dependent on the quantum states of the finite well and determine the corresponding standard and entropic uncertainty relations. Then we calculate the entropy of occurrence for the mass point inside and outside the well. We discuss the results and determine a class of probability distributions with a parameter for which the standard deviation becomes infinite, independent of the value of this parameter.
We calculated the Shannon entropy of position and momentum for the stationary quantum states of the harmonic oscillator as a function of its energy and determined the corresponding entropic uncertainty relations for them. We found an approximate phenomenological function for the dependence of position and momentum entropies on the large quantum numbers and the corresponding asymptotic entropy - energy relation for the stationary harmonic oscillator. We also studied the time evolution of the position and momentum entropies of the non-stationary harmonic oscillator for the coherent states, squeezed vacuum and Schrödinger cat states.
The entropic moments of the probability density of a quantum system in position and momentum spaces describe not only some fundamental and/or experimentally accessible quantities of the system but also the entropic uncertainty measures of Rényi type, which allow one to find the most relevant mathematical formalizations of the position-momentum Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle, the entropic uncertainty relations. It is known that the solution of difficult three-dimensional problems can be very well approximated by a series development in 1/D in similar systems with a non-standard dimensionality D; moreover, several physical quantities of numerous atomic and molecular systems have been numerically shown to have values in the large-D limit comparable to the corresponding ones provided by the three-dimensional numerical self-consistent field methods. The D-dimensional hydrogenic atom is the main prototype of the physics of multidimensional many-electron systems. In this work, we rigorously determine the leading term of the Rényi entropies of the D-dimensional hydrogenic atom at the limit of large D. As a byproduct, we show that our results saturate the known position-momentum Rényi-entropy-based uncertainty relations.
Abstract We pedagogically present the information theory as originally established, explaining its essential ideas and paying attention to the expression employed to measure the amount of information. We also discuss relationships between information and quantum theories. In this context we determine the information entropies on the position, S x , and momentum, S p , spaces, in addition to the entropy sum, S t . Here, we use the modified entropic expressions that are dimensionally consistent. We provide original explanations for the behaviors of the S x , S p and S t values analyzing the probability densities and by means of the normalization constants and properties of Fourier transform. We validate the entropic uncertainty relation and inspect the standard deviation and information entropies as measures of quantum uncertainty. The systems of interest are unidimensional one-particle quantum systems in the ground and excited states.
A Gaussian distribution of a quantum state with continuous spectra is known to maximize the Shannon entropy at a fixed variance. Applying it to a pair of canonically conjugate quantum observables $\stackrel{\ifmmode \hat{}\else \^{}\fi{}}{x}$ and $\stackrel{\ifmmode \hat{}\else \^{}\fi{}}{p}$, the quantum entropic uncertainty relation can take a suggestive form, where the standard deviations ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{x}$ and ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{p}$ are featured explicitly. From the construction of the entropic uncertainty relation, it follows in a transparent manner that (i) the entropic uncertainty relation implies the Kennard-Robertson uncertainty relation in a modified form, ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{x}{\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{p}\ensuremath{\ge}\ensuremath{\hbar}{e}^{\mathcal{N}}/2$; (ii) the additional factor N\mathcal{N}N quantifies the quantum non-Gaussianity of the probability distributions of two observables; and (iii) the lower bound of the entropic uncertainty relation for a non-Gaussian continuous-variable (CV) mixed state becomes stronger with purity. The optimality of specific non-Gaussian CV states for the refined uncertainty relation has been investigated and the existence of a new class of CV quantum state is identified.
Abstract In order to specify the uncertainty relation for a particle confined in a finite square well potential we derived the standard deviation of momentum Δ p and that of position Δ x . It is shown that Δ p has a peak as a function of the well width and both Δ x and Δ p ⋅ Δ x have a dip in contrast to the case of the particle confined in an infinite square well potential. We clarified that Δ p 0 ⋅ Δ x 0 of the particle occupying the ground state exists in the finite range as a function of the well width and the potential-barrier height, but a particle confined in an infinite square well potential has a constant Δ p 0 ⋅ Δ x 0 . In addition, we found that the values of Δ p n ⋅ Δ x n for excited states diverge in a certain range of well widths, where the energy level of the confined particle exceeds the potential barrier.